Canine and Feline Anesthesia Flashcards
what are some things that should be obtained from the history for dogs prior to anesthesia
duration of complant
current medications
signs of systemic disease
previous blood transfusions
previous anesthesia
T/F a true allergy to anesthetic drug is extremetly unlikely
True
which dogs breeds have signifcantly prolonged recover with thiobarbituates (should be avoided) and longer recovery woth propofol and alfaxalone
sighthounds
Boxers are sensitive to ….
acepromazine
what is a concern in small dog breeds
tracheal collapse (esp. yorkies)
avoid excitement, have longer ETT available (reach carina in case of intrathoracic collapse), supplemental O2
cardiomyopathy breeds
Dobes, Boxers
Sick Sinus Syndrome
Scnauzers
mitral valve disease
small breeds
increased vagal tone
brachycephalics, dachshunds
von Willebrand Dz
Dobes
Hemophilia
GSD
premedications in dogs
usually opioid + sedative IM before catheter placement
can give IV before induction if IVC present
which mu agonists are least likely to cause vomitting
fentanyl, methadone
what are some common non anesthetic premeds
H1 antihistamine (diphenhydromine)
NK1 receptor agonist (Cerenia) - antiemetic
sedative options in dogs
acepromazine
dexdomitor
benzodiazepines
premeds/anesthesia for aggressive dogs
IM ketamine, telazol, or alfaxalone combinations with alpha-2 agonist and opioid
be ready to intubate if laryngeal reflexes lost
when are anticholinergics used as a premed in dogs
pre-existing high vagal tone (brachycephalics, ophtho Dz)
puppies (dependent on normal heart rate for adequeate CO)
procedures that may cause vagal stimulation (ophthalmic, laryngeal, GI, urogenital)
how should induction agents be given
Slowly
1/2 calculated dose over 10-15 sec then bolus to effect
laryngoscope should be placed at…
bottom of tongue NOT epiglottis
T/F dogs are the easiest species to intubate
True
easy visualization, large trachea vs. patient size
which drug should not be used as a CRI for maintenance of anesthesia
etomidate (adrenal suppression)
how is hypotension treated in dogs
dopamine, doputamine, ephedrine most common in realtively healthy patients
norepi and vaspressin - sick patients
T/F regurgitation is common in dogs and cats
False
common in dogs but not cats
T/F aspiration can be “silent” with no outward signs
True
what should you do if regurgitation occurs
Postural drainage while still anesthetized – nose down
Swab or suction caudal oropharynx before extubation
Keep cuff inflated or partially inflated for extubation
Place in sternal recumbency ASAP
what drugs can be used in patients at high risk of regurgiation
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – Omeprazole or esomeprazole
Prokinetic drugs – Metoclopramide or cisapride
why do cats suck
Generally more difficult to anesthetize than dogs
Higher mortality
Smaller body size, more difficult to intubate
More likely to be hypotensive during anesthesia than dogs at similar depth
Differences in drug metabolism, more sensitive to adverse effects of certain drugs
T/F cats hide disease well
True
may not see signs until advanced stages
knowing if cats is indoor vs outdoor is important in…
relation to infectious disease and trauma risk
which breed is predisposed to HCM
maine coon
anesthetic risk with HCM
Anesthetic-associated death d/t fatal arrhythmia
Post-anesthetic congestive heart failure - drugs (ketamine or telazol), stress
which mu opioids are preferred over morphine in cats
oxymorphone and methadone - less likely to cause excitement
which opioid is good for visceral pain in cats
buprenorphine
can be given transmucoally by owner at home
what pre med can turn a nice cat into a dick
benzodiazepines
generally dont provide good sedation and can cause excitement
what can be given IM to provide immobilization for fractious cats
alfaxalone or ketamine
T/F chamber or mask induction is recommonded in cats
False
Stress response (release of epi and norepi → arrhythmias)
High doses of inhalant are required for intubation - Likely to result in significant hypotension
why should you be careful giving cats repeated doses of propofol
heinz body anemia
inhalant anesthesia in higher/lower in cats as compared to dogs and horses
higher
why should lidocaine not be used as a CRI in cats
causes severe cardiovascular depression in cats when administered IV
what is a common complication in cats under anesthesia
hypotension
what is post-anesthetic cortical blindness associated with
secondary to decreased O2 delivery to brain (hypoxemia or poor perfusion)
associated with mouth gags (dental procedures) → cerebral ischemia
T/F cats have increased incidence of adverse effects with NSADs
True
especially renal effects
what should be done before giving cats a transfusion
typed and cross-matched
