Canine and Feline Anesthesia

Question 1

what are some things that should be obtained from the history for dogs prior to anesthesia

Answer 1

duration of complant

current medications

signs of systemic disease

previous blood transfusions

previous anesthesia

Question 2

T/F a true allergy to anesthetic drug is extremetly unlikely

Answer 2

True

Question 3

which dogs breeds have signifcantly prolonged recover with thiobarbituates (should be avoided) and longer recovery woth propofol and alfaxalone

Answer 3

sighthounds

Question 4

Boxers are sensitive to ….

Answer 4

acepromazine

Question 5

what is a concern in small dog breeds

Answer 5

tracheal collapse (esp. yorkies)

avoid excitement, have longer ETT available (reach carina in case of intrathoracic collapse), supplemental O2

Question 6

cardiomyopathy breeds

Answer 6

Dobes, Boxers

Question 7

Sick Sinus Syndrome

Answer 7

Scnauzers

Question 8

mitral valve disease

Answer 8

small breeds

Question 9

increased vagal tone

Answer 9

brachycephalics, dachshunds

Question 10

von Willebrand Dz

Answer 10

Dobes

Question 11

Hemophilia

Answer 11

GSD

Question 12

premedications in dogs

Answer 12

usually opioid + sedative IM before catheter placement

can give IV before induction if IVC present

Question 13

which mu agonists are least likely to cause vomitting

Answer 13

fentanyl, methadone

Question 14

what are some common non anesthetic premeds

Answer 14

H1 antihistamine (diphenhydromine)

NK1 receptor agonist (Cerenia) - antiemetic

Question 15

sedative options in dogs

Answer 15

acepromazine

dexdomitor

benzodiazepines

Question 16

premeds/anesthesia for aggressive dogs

Answer 16

IM ketamine, telazol, or alfaxalone combinations with alpha-2 agonist and opioid

be ready to intubate if laryngeal reflexes lost

Question 17

when are anticholinergics used as a premed in dogs

Answer 17

pre-existing high vagal tone (brachycephalics, ophtho Dz)

puppies (dependent on normal heart rate for adequeate CO)

procedures that may cause vagal stimulation (ophthalmic, laryngeal, GI, urogenital)

Question 18

how should induction agents be given

Answer 18

Slowly

1/2 calculated dose over 10-15 sec then bolus to effect

Question 19

laryngoscope should be placed at…

Answer 19

bottom of tongue NOT epiglottis

Question 20

T/F dogs are the easiest species to intubate

Answer 20

True

easy visualization, large trachea vs. patient size

Question 21

which drug should not be used as a CRI for maintenance of anesthesia

Answer 21

etomidate (adrenal suppression)

Question 22

how is hypotension treated in dogs

Answer 22

dopamine, doputamine, ephedrine most common in realtively healthy patients

norepi and vaspressin - sick patients

Question 23

T/F regurgitation is common in dogs and cats

Answer 23

False

common in dogs but not cats

Question 24

T/F aspiration can be “silent” with no outward signs

Answer 24

True

Question 25

what should you do if regurgitation occurs

Answer 25

Postural drainage while still anesthetized – nose down

Swab or suction caudal oropharynx before extubation

Keep cuff inflated or partially inflated for extubation

Place in sternal recumbency ASAP

Question 26

what drugs can be used in patients at high risk of regurgiation

Answer 26

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) – Omeprazole or esomeprazole

Prokinetic drugs – Metoclopramide or cisapride

Question 27

why do cats suck

Answer 27

Generally more difficult to anesthetize than dogs

Higher mortality

Smaller body size, more difficult to intubate

More likely to be hypotensive during anesthesia than dogs at similar depth

Differences in drug metabolism, more sensitive to adverse effects of certain drugs

Question 28

T/F cats hide disease well

Answer 28

True

may not see signs until advanced stages

Question 29

knowing if cats is indoor vs outdoor is important in…

Answer 29

relation to infectious disease and trauma risk

Question 30

which breed is predisposed to HCM

Answer 30

maine coon

Question 31

anesthetic risk with HCM

Answer 31

Anesthetic-associated death d/t fatal arrhythmia

Post-anesthetic congestive heart failure - drugs (ketamine or telazol), stress

Question 32

which mu opioids are preferred over morphine in cats

Answer 32

oxymorphone and methadone - less likely to cause excitement

Question 33

which opioid is good for visceral pain in cats

Answer 33

buprenorphine

can be given transmucoally by owner at home

Question 34

what pre med can turn a nice cat into a dick

Answer 34

benzodiazepines

generally dont provide good sedation and can cause excitement

Question 35

what can be given IM to provide immobilization for fractious cats

Answer 35

alfaxalone or ketamine

Question 36

T/F chamber or mask induction is recommonded in cats

Answer 36

False

Stress response (release of epi and norepi → arrhythmias)

High doses of inhalant are required for intubation - Likely to result in significant hypotension

Question 37

why should you be careful giving cats repeated doses of propofol

Answer 37

heinz body anemia

Question 38

inhalant anesthesia in higher/lower in cats as compared to dogs and horses

Answer 38

higher

Question 39

why should lidocaine not be used as a CRI in cats

Answer 39

causes severe cardiovascular depression in cats when administered IV

Question 40

what is a common complication in cats under anesthesia

Answer 40

hypotension

Question 41

what is post-anesthetic cortical blindness associated with

Answer 41

secondary to decreased O2 delivery to brain (hypoxemia or poor perfusion)

associated with mouth gags (dental procedures) → cerebral ischemia

Question 42

T/F cats have increased incidence of adverse effects with NSADs

Answer 42

True

especially renal effects

Question 43

what should be done before giving cats a transfusion

Answer 43

typed and cross-matched