Mechanical Ventilation Flashcards

1
Q

ventilation

A

movement of gas in and out of the alveoli

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2
Q

ventilate is defined by

A

PaCO2

normal 35-45 mmHg

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3
Q

oxygenation is defined by

A

PaO2 or SpO2

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4
Q

T/F whe breathing 100% O2 oxygenation cannot be improved by more ventilation

A

True

apneic oxygenation is possible - ventilation may not be needed for oxygenation

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5
Q

T/F using 100% oxygen can insure good oxygenation in most circumstances

A
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6
Q

resistance limits

A

flow

resistance = pressure difference / flow

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7
Q

compliance limits

A

Volume

complience = volume / flow

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8
Q

what is mechanical ventilation

A

method of artificial ventilation where mechanical means is used to assust or replace spontaneous breathing

provided by ventilator or person

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9
Q

types of ventilation

A

spontaneous

assisted

mandatory (or controlled)

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10
Q

IPPV

A

intermittent positive pressure ventilation

positive pressure is maintained only during inspiration

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11
Q

IMV

A

intermittent mandatory ventilation

operator sets a predetermined number of positive breaths but patient can also breathe freely inbetween

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12
Q

CPAP

A

continuous positive airway pressure

spontaneous breathing with positive pressure durinng inspiration and expiration

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13
Q

PIP

A

peak inspiratory pressure

inflates the alveoli, opens atelectasis or causes barotrauma

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14
Q

PEEP

A

positive end expiratory pressure

keeps alveoli open (prevents re-collapse)

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15
Q

T/F the benefit of PEEP is questionable durinf routine anesthesia

A

True

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16
Q

indications for PEEP

A

open thorax

lung parenchymal disease

following alveolar recruitment maneuver

17
Q

indications for mechanical ventilation under anesthesia

A

want to decrease PaCO2 (intubated patients on 100% O2)

breathing air: hypoemia

18
Q

specific indications for MV under anesthesia

A

neuromuscular blockade

thoracic surgery

control of intracranial pressure

chest wall or diaphragmatic trauma

19
Q

side effects of MV

A

impairs venous return and cardiac output

may cause hypotension

20
Q

direct effects of hypercapnia

A

peripheral vasodilation

decreased myocardial contractility

increased intracranial pressure

21
Q

indirect effects of hypercapnia

A

via catecholamine release

tachycardia

increased myocardial contractility

23
Q

T/F ventilating during anesthesia is a debated issue (esp. in horses)

24
Q

permissive hypercapnia may be acceptable up to

A

60-70 mmHg for the purpose to improve circulation

25
tidal volume in healthy lungs
10-15 ml/kg
26
respiratory rate for ventilating healthy lungs
10-15 breaths/min
27
inspiratory time (healthy lungs)
1-2 sec
28
tidal volume in sick lungs is bigger/smaller
**smaller**
29
2 respiratory assist devices
ambu bag demand valve
30
modes of MV
volume controlled ventillation mode pressure controlled ventilation mode
31
common source of driving power
pneumatically driven uses pressurized gas source
32
control variables
flow controlled pressure controlled ventilator controls these variables
33
u
34
cycle variables
defines the start of expiration volume, pressure, and time cycled
35
trigger variable
defines start of inspriation - inspiration starts when a set value is reached pressure and flow trigger
36
limit variable
stops inspiration volume and pressure limit
37
T/F in an atelectic lung, increasing alveolar minute ventilation can remove more CO2 but without opening the atelectasis you will not be able to improve oxygenation
**True**