Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RUSVM Anesthesiology > Ruminant Anesthesia > Flashcards

Ruminant Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

what are some considerations with ruminant anesthesia

A

economic factors (fied vs. hospital; standing vs GA; pet vs production)

welfare considerations (pain management)

drug licensing (withdrawal times, human health)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some advantages of a local vs general anesthesia

A

animals often stoical and well handled

avoid risks of GA

less expensive for farmer and can be performed on farm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a posible disadvantage to local vs GA

A

time frame limited by duration of action of local anesthestic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how long should large ruminants be fasted

A

NPO 12-18 hours

no water for 8-12 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how long should sheep and goats be fasted before anesthesia

A

NPO 12-18 hours

no water for 4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how long should calves, lambs, and kids be fasted

A

animals < 1 month of age are not starved

>1month may have food withheld for 2-4 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F <2 months of age are monogastrics

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are some common problems in rumenant anesthesia

A

regurgitation and aspiration

ruminal tympany

salivation

cardio-respiratory effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

how can you minimize the risk of aspiration

A

intubate as quickly as possible

use cuffed ET tube

enable drainage from mouth during GA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F bloat can occur due to continuous gas production and not being able to eructate during GA

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how can gas production be reduced

A

starvation

do not feed highly fermentable foods prior to GA

may place stomach tube and have trochar availablr

do NOT use N2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are some management techniques for dealing with salivation

A

mantain poll above muzzle

infuse LRS during anesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are some CV effects associated with the rumen/viscera

A

press on diaphgram

reduction in FRC - increase risk of hypoxemia

absence of eructation - build up of gas, reduction in venous return and hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F myopathy/neuropathy is a common problem like in equines

A

False

not as common as equines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F the build up of gas in the rumen can decrease venous return and cause hypotension

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when vessels are typically used in IVC placement

A

jugular vein - most common

cephalic, auricular vessels can also be used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what size catheter should be used

A

adult cattle: 12-14 gauge

calves, sheep, goats: 16-18 gauge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

if a premedication is used you should …..

A

make sure someone stays with the animal

ideally keep head elevated

maintain sternal recumbency

19
Q

what are two disadvantages to acepromazine

A

may increase risk of regurgitation

contraindicated in hypovolemic animals

20
Q

T/F alpha 2 agonists are not recommended in sheep and goats

A

True

pulmonary effects - bronchconstriction, increased vascular resistance, pulmonary edema

21
Q

ruminants are more/less sensitive to xylazine than horses

A

more

use 1/10th the dose, herefords and brahmans more sensitive

22
Q

which species of rumenants are the most sensitve to xylazine

A

goats

23
Q

advantages of detomidine

A

less risk of abortion

suitible for darting less tractable individuals (can be given IM)

24
Q

benzodiazepines

A

mild sedatives

no analgesic effect

few CV and respiratory effects

25
Q

what reversal agent is used with benzodiazepines

A

flumazenil

26
Q

T/F anticholinergics (atropine/gylcopyrrolate) can be used to reduce saliva production

A

False

makes more viscid - more difficult to manage

27
Q

common analesics

A

NSAIDs (carprofen, meloxicam, flunixin)

local anesthetics (procaine/lidocaine, bupivacaine)

Opioids (butorphanol, buprenorphine, morphine)

28
Q

common induction agents

A

ketamine

telazol

propofol

alfaxalone

29
Q

how should large rumanents be intubated

A

direct palpation

may use stomach tube as a guide for ET tube

high right tracheal bronchus - watch tube length

30
Q

two techniques for intubating small ruminants

A

blind - external palpation

direct visualization + laryngoscope

31
Q

which confirguration should be used for ECG

A

base - apex

32
Q

which arteries is most commonly used in direct arterial BP measurement

A

auricular arteries most common

(sheep lab uses median)

33
Q

T/F exhaled methane may affect accuracy of capnograph readings

A

True

34
Q

how should ruminants be positioned

A

limbs parallel to ground

pull lower leg forwards and try to minimize pressure on radial nerve in lateral recumbency

head down to allow drainage from mouth

35
Q

in cases of tympany the animal should be placed in ______ recumbancy

A

sternal

enable eructation

36
Q

T/F hypothermia is a consern for small ruminants and calves during recovery

A

True

37
Q

what are some specied differences in handling camels and camelids

A

they can bite, spit and kick

38
Q

what are some hematological and biochemical differences seen in camels and camelids

A

higher erythrocyte count

lower mean corpuscular volume

39
Q

T/F the esophagus in camels and camelids lies to the left of midline

A

True

aim to the right for venepuncture

40
Q

T/F llamas are obligate nasal breathers

A

True

41
Q

T/F for oral intubation of camels and camelids direct visualization of larynx is required

A

True

nasal intubation is also possible

42
Q

when can you extubate camels and camelids

A

when the animal can withdraw its tongue

43
Q

what drugs are used for sedation in camel and camelids

A

alpha 2 agonists - xylazine and medetomidine, +/- torb

diazepam + torb in pediattric animals

44
Q

induction agents for camels and camelids

A

guaiphenesin + ketamine

propofol has also been used

RUSVM Anesthesiology (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions