Special Diets

Question 1

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 1

When coronary arteries have LDL cholesterol buildup in them, making them narrower.

Question 2

What is arthrosclerosis?

Answer 2

Gradual blockage of the coronary arteries.

Question 3

What is a coronary artery?

Answer 3

Supplies the cardiac muscle with blood.

Question 4

What are the effects of narrowing of arteries?

Answer 4

Angina and heart attack.

Question 5

What is angina?

Answer 5

Blood supply to heart is restricted. The heart does not get enough O2, leading to chest pain and shortness of breath.

Question 6

What is a heart attack?

Answer 6

Blood clot develops in narrow coronary artery cutting off O2 to heart.

Question 7

What are the risk factors of coronary heart disease?

Answer 7

High intake of saturated fat, high salt intake, obesity, and smoking.

Question 8

What is the effect of high intake of saturated fat?

Answer 8

Increases LDL cholesterol buildup in the arteries, narrowing them, increasing risk of CHD.

Example: Chips, butter & steak.

Question 9

What is the effect of high salt intake?

Answer 9

Increases pressure of blood pumped through arteries, increasing risk of CHD.

Example: Chips, tinned soups & frozen pizza.

Question 10

What is obesity?

Answer 10

When a person is 20% or more above the recommended weight for their height.

Question 11

What are the causes of obesity?

Answer 11

Excessive calorie intake, lack of physical exercise, poor food choices, and psychological problems.

Question 12

What is the effect of excessive calorie intake?

Answer 12

Too many calories are eaten & not used up, leading to weight gain as excess calories are changed to adipose tissue.

Question 13

What is the effect of lack of physical exercise?

Answer 13

Calories are not being used up, leading to weight gain as excess calories are changed to adipose tissue.

Question 14

What is the effect of poor food choices?

Answer 14

Eating high-fat foods regularly leads to weight gain as excess calories are changed to adipose tissue.

Example: Pizza & chips.

Question 15

What are the health risks associated with obesity?

Answer 15

High blood pressure, diabetes (Type 2), coronary heart disease, arthritis, and psychological problems.

Question 16

What is the effect of high blood pressure?

Answer 16

The lumen of arteries narrows as LDL cholesterol builds up, increasing the pressure of blood pumped through them.

Question 17

What is diabetes?

Answer 17

Caused by a lack of the hormone insulin or if it is produced, it is ineffective.

Question 18

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 18

Helps muscle cells absorb the sugars taken in through food.

Question 19

What are the types of diabetes?

Answer 19

Type 1 (insulin dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin dependent).

Question 20

What are the symptoms of diabetes?

Answer 20

Always tired, sudden weight loss, always thirsty, sexual problems, and vaginal problems.

Question 21

What are the dietary guidelines for diabetics?

Answer 21

Eat regular meals, increase low GI intake, reduce sugar intake, and reduce fatty foods.

Question 22

What are high GI foods?

Answer 22

Carbs broken down quickly by the body, leading to a quick increase in blood sugar levels, which is bad for diabetes.

Example: White rice & mashed potato.

Question 23

What are low GI foods?

Answer 23

Carbs are broken down slowly by the body, leading to a gradual increase in blood sugar levels, which is good for diabetes.

Example: Brown rice & porridge.

Question 24

What are bowel disorders?

Answer 24

Constipation, hemorrhoids, and IBS (Irritable bowel syndrome).

Question 25

What is constipation?

Answer 25

Caused by lack of fiber in diet; faeces become hard and compact, making them hard to expel.

Question 26

What are the symptoms of hemorrhoids?

Answer 26

Swollen blood vessels burst through the anus due to pressure from trying to remove small compact faeces. ## Footnote Symptoms include itchy bum and blood in faeces.

Question 27

What is IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)?

Answer 27

The bowel does not work as it should, causing irregular spasms and painful stomach cramps.

Question 28

What are the dietary guidelines for reducing bowel disorders?

Answer 28

Eat lots of fiber-rich foods, drink lots of water, and eat porridge for breakfast.

Question 29

What is celiac disease?

Answer 29

Chronic disease caused by the inability to digest gluten, damaging the gut.

Question 30

What are the symptoms of celiac disease?

Answer 30

Slow growth, weight loss, bloating, anemia, tiredness, and mouth ulcers.

Question 31

What are the dietary guidelines for celiac disease?

Answer 31

Exclude all foods containing gluten and include gluten-free products.

Question 32

What are ways to increase fiber consumption?

Answer 32

Eat more fruit & veg, wholemeal bread, add seeds to dishes, and snack on mixed nuts and raisins.

Question 33

What are the benefits of eating a high fiber diet?

Answer 33

Stabilizes blood sugar levels, lowers LDL cholesterol, and prevents bowel disorders.

Question 34

What are the effects of high sugar intake?

Answer 34

Obesity and dental decay.

Question 35

What is a vegetarian?

Answer 35

A person who does not eat meat and consists mainly of plant sources.

Question 36

What are the types of vegetarian diets?

Answer 36

Vegan, pesco-vegetarian, ovo-vegetarian, lacto-vegetarian, and pollo-vegetarian.

Question 37

What is a vegan diet?

Answer 37

Very strict diet that excludes all animal products.

Question 38

What are the benefits of a vegetarian diet?

Answer 38

Cheaper, healthier, less salt, and reduced risk of obesity.

Question 39

What are the dietary guidelines for people following a vegetarian diet?

Answer 39

Eat fortified cereals, include protein from legumes, and for vegans, include alternative dairy foods.