Milk

Question 1

What is the nutritive value of milk?

Answer 1

Milk contains protein (HBV), fat (saturated), carbohydrates (lactose), calcium, and vitamin D.

Question 2

What are the dietetic values of milk?

Answer 2

Milk is versatile, used in many dishes, and is important for children and pregnant women for calcium and protein.

Question 3

What are four types of milk?

Answer 3

There are many types of milk available to buy.

Question 4

Why should vegans avoid milk?

Answer 4

Vegans believe it is cruel to consume animal products.

Question 5

What is homogenisation?

Answer 5

A non-heat treatment process that breaks down fat droplets in milk.

Question 6

What is the process of homogenisation?

Answer 6

Milk is heated to 60 degrees and forced through tiny holes to break down fat droplets.

Question 7

What are the heat treatments of milk?

Answer 7

The main heat treatments are pasteurization, sterilisation, and ultra heat treatment (UHT).

Question 8

What is pasteurization?

Answer 8

Milk is homogenised, heated to 72 degrees for 25 seconds, then cooled to below 10 degrees.

Question 9

What is the nutritive effect of pasteurization?

Answer 9

Vitamin B is killed due to heat sensitivity.

Question 10

What is the effect of pasteurization on milk?

Answer 10

Diseases causing bacteria is destroyed.

Question 11

What is sterilisation?

Answer 11

Milk is homogenised, sealed in a glass bottle, heated to 110 degrees for 30 minutes, then cooled.

Question 12

What is the nutritive effect of sterilisation?

Answer 12

Vitamin B is destroyed due to heat sensitivity.

Question 13

What is the effect of sterilisation on milk?

Answer 13

All bacteria is destroyed.

Question 14

What is ultra heat treatment (UHT)?

Answer 14

Milk is heated to 132 degrees for 2-3 seconds, cooled quickly, and sealed into plastic sachets.

Question 15

What is the nutritive effect of UHT?

Answer 15

Vitamin B is destroyed due to heat sensitivity.

Question 16

What is the effect of UHT on milk?

Answer 16

All bacteria is destroyed.

Question 17

What is roller drying?

Answer 17

Homogenised liquid milk is poured onto heated rollers, evaporating water and scraping off the milk.

Question 18

What is the nutritive effect of roller drying?

Answer 18

Vitamin B is destroyed due to heat sensitivity.

Question 19

What is the effect of roller drying on milk?

Answer 19

Results in a burnt taste.

Question 20

What is spray drying?

Answer 20

Homogenised liquid milk is poured into hot air, evaporating water and leaving powdered milk.

Question 21

What is the nutritive effect of spray drying?

Answer 21

Vitamin B is destroyed due to heat sensitivity.

Question 22

What is the effect of spray drying on milk?

Answer 22

Less burnt and lumpy.

Question 23

What is condensed milk?

Answer 23

Homogenised milk is heated to 80 degrees for 15 minutes, sugar added, and sealed in a sterile can.

Question 24

What are the effects of condensed milk?

Answer 24

Bacteria killed, sweeter, and vitamins B & C destroyed.

Question 25

What is evaporated milk?

Answer 25

Homogenised milk is heated to 115 degrees for 20 minutes and sealed in a sterile can.

Question 26

What are the effects of evaporated milk?

Answer 26

Bacteria dies, vitamin B destroyed, and it is sweeter.

Question 27

What causes spoilage in milk?

Answer 27

Lactic acid bacteria breaks down lactose, producing lactic acid, leading to sour taste and curdling.

Question 28

What are culinary uses of milk?

Answer 28

Used in drinks, baked goods, sauces, cheese, and soups.

Question 29

What are the effects of cooking milk?

Answer 29

Destroys bacteria, makes it sweeter, coagulates protein, and destroys vitamin B.

Question 30

How is milk quality controlled in Ireland?

Answer 30

Through tracing cows, cleaning milking parlours, and pasteurizing milk for sale.

Question 31

How are cows traced in Ireland?

Answer 31

All calves are double tagged and registered to prevent TB spreading.

Question 32

How are milking parlours cleaned?

Answer 32

Entire parlour is powerhosed with hot water and detergent to kill bacteria.

Question 33

What is required for milk sold in shops?

Answer 33

All milk must be pasteurized to kill bacteria and TB.

Question 34

What are the proper ways to store milk?

Answer 34

Store in the fridge at 4 degrees, don't mix different sell-by dates, and keep away from strong-smelling foods.