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Module 7 > SPECIAL CARE physical disability > Flashcards

SPECIAL CARE physical disability Flashcards

1
Q

Under the equality act 2010, define disability

A

a person has a physical or mental impairment
the impairment has a substantial and long term adverse effect on their ability to perform normal day to day activity

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2
Q

what are the most common impairments?

A

mobility
stamina/ breathing/ fatigue
dexterity
mental health
hearing
vision

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3
Q

what gender has a higher incidence of disability?

A

female

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4
Q

what is a physical disability?

A

any condition that permanently prevents normal body movement and/or control

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5
Q

what are causes of physical disabilities?

A

inherited/ genetic
present at birth
serious illnesses affecting brain, nerves or muscles
spinal cord injury
brain injury
accidents

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6
Q

list 3 common inherited conditions affecting head and neck

A

osteogenesis imperfecta
dentinogenesis imperfecta
huntingtons disease

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7
Q

describe the characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta

A

increased bone fractures
collagen defects
short stature
hearing loss
blue sclera
dentinogenesis imperfecta

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8
Q

describe the characteristics of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A

discoloured teeth - blue/grey or yellow/ brown
translucent teeth
weak teeth
bulbous crowns
obliteration of pulp chambers
reduced root length

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9
Q

what is huntingtons disease?

A

neurodegenerative genetic disorder which becomes noticeable in mid-adult life

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10
Q

what are the characteristics of huntingtons disease?

A

early symptom - problems with mood/ cognition
lack of coordination/ unsteady gait
poor movements
chorea-writhing movements
decline in mental ability and behaviour
problems swallowing, speaking and breathing

fatal after 20 years

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11
Q

what is spina bifida?

A

condition present at birth - neural tube defect

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12
Q

what increases the risk of spina bifida?

A

lack of folic acid before and in early pregnancy

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13
Q

what are the characteristics of spina bifida?

A

weakness/ total paralysis of legs
bowel and urinary incontinence
loss of skin sensation
hydrocephalus

repeated fits/ seizures
drooling and dysphagia
communication and learning difficulties

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14
Q

what is cerebral palsy?

A

general term for a number of neurological conditions that affect movement and co-ordination
can occur if brain develops abnormally or is damages before, during or shortly after birth

1/400 babies born in the UK

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15
Q

what are characteristics of cerebral palsy?

A

muscle stiffness or floppiness
muscle weakness
random and uncontrolled body movements
balance and co-ordination problems

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16
Q

list serious illnesses affecting the brain, nerves or muscles

A

motor neurone disease
parkinsons disease
multiple sclerosis

17
Q

describe motor neurone disease?

A

uncommon lethal degenerative disease affecting neurones of an unknown aetiology
muscular atrophy
no sensory loss
dysphagia and drooling occur
speech impairment
death within 5 years due to resp paralysis

18
Q

describe parkinsons disease

A

progressive neurological disease
dopamine deficiency
tremor in arm and hands
rigidity
slow movements
restlessness
expressionless face and stooped posture
hypersalivation

19
Q

what can cause parkinsons?

A

previous head injury or cerebrovascular disease

20
Q

what is multiple sclerosis?

A

chronic relapsing CNS disease affecting the cortico spinal tract

onset 30 years old

21
Q

what are characteristics of MS?

A

blindness/ visual disturbance
weakness/ paralysis of limbs
ataxia
dysphagia
loss of sphincter control
can present as a V neuralgia or facial palsy

22
Q

what are the 2 types of spinal cord injuries?

A

tetraplegic - damage to spinal cord in neck
paraplegic - damage to mid/lower part of back

23
Q

what does a tetraplegic spinal cord injury affect?

A

all 4 limbs and torso

24
Q

what does a paraplegic spinal cord injury affect?

A

legs and lower body

25
Q

what are the 2 types of trauma to brain?

A

external events - closed head trauma/ missile penetrating the brain
internal events - stroke, haemorrhage, tumour

26
Q

what features present with a stroke?

A

face drooped on one side
weakness/ numbness in one arm
dysphagia
aphasia
slurred speech
loss or blurred vision
confusion
sudden and severe headache

27
Q

what are the hurdles a stroke presents in relation to dental health?

A

difficulty wearing dentures
difficulty brushing teeth
accessing surgery, wheelchair transfer
consent issues

28
Q

how may you modify a toothbrush for someone who is disabled?

A

putty/ tennis ball handle

29
Q

what is domiciliary care/

A

providing dental tx out with dental clinics for pts who cannot attend clinic due to personal circumstances

Module 7 (33 decks)

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