SPECIAL CARE physical disability Flashcards
Under the equality act 2010, define disability
a person has a physical or mental impairment
the impairment has a substantial and long term adverse effect on their ability to perform normal day to day activity
what are the most common impairments?
mobility
stamina/ breathing/ fatigue
dexterity
mental health
hearing
vision
what gender has a higher incidence of disability?
female
what is a physical disability?
any condition that permanently prevents normal body movement and/or control
what are causes of physical disabilities?
inherited/ genetic
present at birth
serious illnesses affecting brain, nerves or muscles
spinal cord injury
brain injury
accidents
list 3 common inherited conditions affecting head and neck
osteogenesis imperfecta
dentinogenesis imperfecta
huntingtons disease
describe the characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta
increased bone fractures
collagen defects
short stature
hearing loss
blue sclera
dentinogenesis imperfecta
describe the characteristics of dentinogenesis imperfecta
discoloured teeth - blue/grey or yellow/ brown
translucent teeth
weak teeth
bulbous crowns
obliteration of pulp chambers
reduced root length
what is huntingtons disease?
neurodegenerative genetic disorder which becomes noticeable in mid-adult life
what are the characteristics of huntingtons disease?
early symptom - problems with mood/ cognition
lack of coordination/ unsteady gait
poor movements
chorea-writhing movements
decline in mental ability and behaviour
problems swallowing, speaking and breathing
fatal after 20 years
what is spina bifida?
condition present at birth - neural tube defect
what increases the risk of spina bifida?
lack of folic acid before and in early pregnancy
what are the characteristics of spina bifida?
weakness/ total paralysis of legs
bowel and urinary incontinence
loss of skin sensation
hydrocephalus
repeated fits/ seizures
drooling and dysphagia
communication and learning difficulties
what is cerebral palsy?
general term for a number of neurological conditions that affect movement and co-ordination
can occur if brain develops abnormally or is damages before, during or shortly after birth
1/400 babies born in the UK
what are characteristics of cerebral palsy?
muscle stiffness or floppiness
muscle weakness
random and uncontrolled body movements
balance and co-ordination problems