SPECIAL CARE physical disability Flashcards
Under the equality act 2010, define disability
a person has a physical or mental impairment
the impairment has a substantial and long term adverse effect on their ability to perform normal day to day activity
what are the most common physical impairments?
mobility
stamina/ breathing/ fatigue
dexterity
mental health
hearing
vision
what gender has a higher incidence of disability?
female
what is a physical disability?
any condition that permanently prevents normal body movement and/or control
what are causes of physical disabilities?
inherited/ genetic
present at birth
serious illnesses affecting brain, nerves or muscles
spinal cord injury
brain injury
accidents
list 3 common inherited conditions affecting head and neck
osteogenesis imperfecta
dentinogenesis imperfecta
huntingtons disease
describe the characteristics of osteogenesis imperfecta
increased bone fractures
collagen defects
short stature
hearing loss
blue sclera
dentinogenesis imperfecta
describe the characteristics of dentinogenesis imperfecta
discoloured teeth - blue/grey or yellow/ brown
translucent teeth
weak teeth
bulbous crowns
obliteration of pulp chambers
reduced root length
what is huntingtons disease?
neurodegenerative genetic disorder which becomes noticeable in mid-adult life
what are the characteristics of huntingtons disease?
early symptom - problems with mood/ cognition
lack of coordination/ unsteady gait
poor movements
chorea-writhing movements
decline in mental ability and behaviour
problems swallowing, speaking and breathing
fatal after 20 years
what is spina bifida?
condition present at birth - neural tube defect
what increases the risk of spina bifida?
lack of folic acid before and in early pregnancy
what are the characteristics of spina bifida?
weakness/ total paralysis of legs
bowel and urinary incontinence
loss of skin sensation
hydrocephalus
repeated fits/ seizures
drooling and dysphagia
communication and learning difficulties
what is cerebral palsy?
general term for a number of neurological conditions that affect movement and co-ordination
can occur if brain develops abnormally or is damages before, during or shortly after birth
1/400 babies born in the UK
what are characteristics of cerebral palsy?
muscle stiffness or floppiness
muscle weakness
random and uncontrolled body movements
balance and co-ordination problems
list serious illnesses affecting the brain, nerves or muscles
motor neurone disease
parkinsons disease
multiple sclerosis
describe motor neurone disease?
uncommon lethal degenerative disease affecting neurones of an unknown aetiology
muscular atrophy
no sensory loss
dysphagia and drooling occur
speech impairment
death within 5 years due to resp paralysis
describe parkinsons disease
progressive neurological disease
dopamine deficiency
tremor in arm and hands
rigidity
slow movements
restlessness
expressionless face and stooped posture
hypersalivation
what can cause parkinsons?
previous head injury or cerebrovascular disease
what is multiple sclerosis?
chronic relapsing CNS disease affecting the cortico spinal tract
onset 30 years old
what are characteristics of MS?
blindness/ visual disturbance
weakness/ paralysis of limbs
ataxia
dysphagia
loss of sphincter control
can present as a V neuralgia or facial palsy
what are the 2 types of spinal cord injuries?
tetraplegic - damage to spinal cord in neck
paraplegic - damage to mid/lower part of back
what does a tetraplegic spinal cord injury affect?
all 4 limbs and torso
what does a paraplegic spinal cord injury affect?
legs and lower body
what are the 2 types of trauma to brain?
external events - closed head trauma/ missile penetrating the brain
internal events - stroke, haemorrhage, tumour
what features present with a stroke?
face drooped on one side
weakness/ numbness in one arm
dysphagia
aphasia
slurred speech
loss or blurred vision
confusion
sudden and severe headache
what are the hurdles a stroke presents in relation to dental health?
difficulty wearing dentures
difficulty brushing teeth
accessing surgery, wheelchair transfer
consent issues
how may you modify a toothbrush for someone who is disabled?
putty/ tennis ball handle
what is domiciliary care/
providing dental tx out with dental clinics for pts who cannot attend clinic due to personal circumstances
