SPECIAL CARE learning disability Flashcards
what is the definition of a learning disability?
significantly reduced ability to understand new or complex info, learn new skills, cope independently
IQ less than 70
what are clinical associated features of learning disabilities?
epilepsy
visual defects
hearing and speech disorders
facial deformities
body-rocking and self-mutilation
feeding difficulties
what are the causes of learning disabilities?
genetic
problems during pregnancy
problems during birth
post-natal problems (early childhood illnesses, accidents and seizures)
what is trisomy 21?
downs syndrome
what increases the likelihood of being born with trisomy 21?
increase in mothers age
what are physical features of down syndrome?
atlanto-axial joint instability
short stature
brachycephaly
widely spaces upwards slanting eyes
weight gain
brushfield spots
what are associated health conditions of down syndrome?
cardiac problems
spinal problems
malignant disease
dementia
immune disease
hearing loss
visual defects
seizures
what are oral features of down syndrome?
large tongue
thick, dry fissures lips
poor anterior oral seal
tongue thrust
early onset perio
cleft lip and palate
malocclusion
delayed tooth eruption
missing teeth
when does ASD usually onset?
first 30 months of life
what is ASD characterised by?
poor social skills
lack of interpersonal relationships
delayed speech and language
ritualistic, compulsive behaviour
how is autism diagnosed?
speech therapist
paediatrician
psychiatrist
phychologist
what are clinical presentations of autism?
avoid eye contact
echolalia (repetition)
unaware of others
routine obsession
self-mutilation
sensitivity to touch, smell and sound
what are oral findings in autistic patients?
bruxism
traumatic lesions
poor OH
poor attendance
prefer sweet foods
what is the dental management of autistic patients?
patience
empathy
OHI education and support
visual aids
pre-visit pack and questionnaire
do not keep them waiting
short, quiet visit with same staff
avoid aspiration and high speed
what are some dental aids for pts with learning disabilities?
picture maps
makaton
