South Italy Guide Flashcards
Greco Bianco, also called Greco di Gerace, is found mainly in Calabria and is genetically identical to what grape?
Malvasia di Lipari and Malvasia di Sardegna
Southern Italy is colloquially referred to as ?
Mezzogiorno
Difference between Catarratto Bianco Comune and Catarratto Bianco Lucido ?
Catarratto Bianco Comune has higher sugar and lower acidity, and Catarratto Bianco Lucido has more-compact bunches and can be more refined.roducers often distinguish the latter by simply calling it Lucido.
What are the two biotypes of falanghina?
Falanghina Beneventana, which has more structure, alcohol, and floral character; and Falanghina Flegrea, which has fruitier flavors of peach, yellow apple, cherry pit, and apricot.
Who revived fiano and hwat soils yield it’s best expression?
mastroberadino / volcanic
Name three regions of Italy where Fiano present?
Campania, Sicily, Puglia, Molise, and Basilicata
what is grillo called in Liguria?
Rossese Bianco
Why would you train frappato in the guyot system?
To increase vigor
What parent grape to nerello, gagglioppo, and frappato share?
Sangiovese
What body of water seperates calabria and sicily
Messina Straight
name three synonyms for Primitivo
zin / Crljenak Kaštelanski / Tribidrag
Organize these regions from most wine produced to least:
sicily/abruzzo/Campania/Puglia
Puglia 120 mill cases
Sicily 65 mill cases
Abruzzo 34.8 million cases
Campania 16.4 million cases
what is the messadria system?
The mezzadria system, in which sharecropper tenants farmed the land and split the profits with landlords
Terre dei Vestini and Terre di Casauria are the highest regarded subzones where?
Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOC: they require at least 90% and 100% Montepulciano, respectively, along with higher minimum alcohol, lower maximum yields, and longer aging. Within Vestini is the important wine district Loreto Aprutino, home to one of Abruzzo’s iconic producers, Valentini. - loreto aprutino
What grape may be blended with montepulciano in the Colline Termane Montepulciano d’Abruzzo DOCG?
Sangiovese / min 90% montepulciano
difference between Cerasuolo d’Abruzzo DOC normale and superiore
superiore requires 90% montepulciano and normale is 85%
what styles are made in Tullum / Terre Tollesi DOCG?
Pecorino and Passerina:
min. 90% state variety,
max. 10% combined other white grapes suitable for cultivation in Abruzzo region.
Rosso/Rosso Riserva:
min. 95% Montepulciano,
max. 5% combined other non-aromatic red grapes suitable for cultivation in Abruzzo region.
Spumante:
min. 60% Chardonnay,
max. 40% combined other non-aromatic white grapes suitable for cultivation in Abruzzo region.
Bianco: Wines may be released January 1 on the year after harvest.
Rosso: Wines may be released January 1 on the second year after harvest.
Rosso Riserva: Wines must be aged for a min. 2 years, including min. 6 months in wood from January 1 on the year after harvest.
naame two doc in abruzzo for rosato
abruzzo doc / cerasuolo d’abruzzo doc
Most planted red and white grape in molise
montepulciano and trebb
what tow regions of Italy produce the smallest amount of doc/g wine by volume?
Molise and Puglia
What region is the Tintilia grape native too?
Molise (red grape)
What two bodies of water boarder puglia?
Ionian and Adriatic seaand gulf of tarranto
What is vino da taglio?
table wine
what major mountain range influences viticulture in Northern Puglia
Daunian mountains in the north
What region produces the most vino da tavola
puglia
name all four docgs of Puglia
Castel del Monte rosso riserva
Castel del monte Nero de Troia
Castel del Monte Bambino Nero
Primitivo do Manduria dolce naturale
Where is the Murge Plateau and the Ofanto River?
Puglia - where castel del monte is
Main grape and min % in the Castel del Monte Rosso Riserva DOCG + min aging and ABV
nero di troia 65% / 2 years with 1 in wood / 13%
Main grape and min % in the Castel del Monte Nero di Troia Riserva DOCG + min aging and ABV
90% Nero di Troia / 2 years with 1 in wood / 13%
Main grape and min % in the Castel del Monte Bombino Nero DOCG + min aging and ABV
90% Bombino Nero (rose style only) 12%abv / no min aging
Min RS / main grape + % / min abv in Primitivo di Manduria Dolce Naturale docg
50 g/l
100% Primitivo
16% (13% actual) ABV
What is the most important gape of the Salento province?
Negroamaro
Min % OF NEGROAMARO in salice salentino doc when it is and is not varietally labled
75 when not varietally labled and 90 when varietally labeled
Organize the following docg from least to most montepulciano required at assemblage
Colline Termane Montepulciano d’abruzzo DOCG
Tullum DOCG
Offida DOCG
Offida (85%)
Colline Termane (90%)
Tullum (95%)
Styles allowed in salice salentino
Rosso/Rosato:
minimum 75% Negroamaro
maximum 25% other black grapes suitable for cultivation in Puglia
Bianco:
minimum 70% Chardonnay
maximum 30% other white grapes suitable for cultivation in Puglia
Negroamaro/Negroamaro
Rosato:
minimum 90% Negroamaro
maximum 10% other black grapes suitable for cultivation in Puglia
Aleatico/Riserva/Dolce/Liquoroso Dolce/Liquoroso Riserva
minimum 85% Aleatico
maximum 15%, alone or combined, Negroamaro, Malvasia Nera, Primitivo
Varietal wine:
minimum 85% of the stated variety
maximum 15% other grapes of the same color suitable for cultivation in Puglia
sparkling white and rose
what is alberata vine training?
Training vines on living trees
where is the calore river?
Taurasi docg
climate and elevation of taurasi
warm continental / 3-600 meters
what cardinal direction of Taurasi is the best? N/E/W/S?
The southernmost area, around the communes of Castelvetere sul Calore, Paternopoli, Castelfranci, and Montemarano, has the highest elevation and coolest climate and is the last to harvest. The soils have more loam and clay, and the wines are among the most powerful and ageworthy produced in the region.
what min % of the major variety do all docg of campania require?
85
grape %, aging, min abv, and elevage for taurasi
Taurasi
Taurasi Riserva
Varieties:
Minimum 85% Aglianico
Combined maximum 15% other non-aromatic red grapes of Avellino
Minimum Alcohol:
Taurasi: 12%
Riserva: 12.5%
Aging Requirements:
Taurasi: Minimum 3 years from December 1 of the harvest year, including at least one year in wood
Riserva: Minimum 4 years from December 1 of the harvest year, including at least 18 months in wood
aging for aglianico del taburno docg and min abv
Rosato: May not be released prior to March 1 of the year following the harvest
Rosso: Min 2 years from November 1 of the harvest year
Rosso Riserva: Min. 3 years from November 1 of the harvest year, including at least 1 year in wood and 6 months in bottle
Rosato and Rosso: 12%
Rosso Riserva: 13%
where is the best portion of the fiano de avellino docg?
Northwest
Notable crus Lapio and Candida in the east, Montefredane in the north, and Summonte in the northwest can be found where?
fiano de avellino docg
what river influences Greco di Tufo and fiano de avellino docg?
Sabato
lees aging for spumante greco di tufo
18 for regs and 36 for reserva
What are the primary red and white grapes for the vesuvio doc?
The white wines must include a minimum of 45% Coda di Volpe. The reds and rosatos must include a minimum 50% Piedirosso
How must a wine from the Vesuvio doc be elevated to the labeling ‘Lacryma Christi?’
The white, red, rosato, and spumante wines may be labeled Lacryma Christi del Vesuvio if they have a higher minimum 12% ABV.
What are the most planted red grapes in campania
Aglianico / Pedirosso
what are the primary red and white grapes in the Ischia DOC
Pedirosso / Forastera
Furore, Ravello, or Tramonti are subzones where?
Costa d’Amalfi DOC
What are the primary red and white grapes used in the Falerno del Massica DOC?
Falanghina / Aglianico
What DOCG is adjacent to Irpinia to the East?
Aglianico del Vulture superiore
what three mountains influence viticluture in all aglianico docgs?
Mount Taurasi / Mount Vulture / Mount Taburno
What is a capanno?
vineyard worker huts in Vulture
Why is Vulture cooler than Taurasi
Mount Vulture is the tallest peak in south italy along the appenines and blocks warm air from north Africa while allowing cool air to funnel in from the Adriatic sea.
what region separates the Tyrrhenian and Ionian seas?
Calabria
What are the main red and white grapes in ciro doc? Aging for reserva reds?
80% Greco Bianco and
80% gagglioppo
2 years 13,5%
Why would you use longer fermentation times and cooler temperatures for grapes that oxidize easily?
to stabilze color/polymerize tannin
What are palmenti/palmento
large stone fermentation/winemaking facilities in sicily
avergae elevation of sicily
500m
what region of italy has the most vineyard area of any region
sicily with 119,250ha but it’s the fourth samllest in terms of production volume
what are the most planted red and white grapes on sicily?
Nero d’avola / catarratto
what section of sicily is most planted?
West
Why are etna vineyards safe from most volcanic eruptions
Etna’s eruptions are generally considered effusive rather than explosive, meaning gases escape easily rather than building up pressure, and lava flows are relatively gentle and slow moving.
what is the elevation range for the etna doc that is allowed to be planted? And what portion is the highest and what portion is the most densely planted?
300-800m north (most planted)
300-900m east
300-1000 south (highest elevation max)
Why are more white grapes grown on the east and south side of etna?
Higher elevation average and more rain / cooler temps
79in on the east and 31in in the north
What two winds influence viticulture in Sicily?
Sirocco / grecale
first vintage etna contrada where officially recognized
2011
Who makes tenutua whitaker grillo and where is it from?
Tasca d’Almerita / grillo
what doc would you find Tasca d’Almerita, Castellucci Miano, and Feudo Montoni located in
Contea di Sclafani DOC
What is the CLimate of Mt. Etna?
Warm Mediterranean Climate (depending on elevation)
What are nuraghi?
truncated conic towers built with basalt stones by early Sardinian peoples during the Bronze Age.
where is most cork (quercus suber) produced in italy
Sardinia
what is the soil of vermentino di gallura docg
Pink granite
what styles of wine may be made in Vermentino di gallura docg? min % of grape?
dry still white / passito / spumante / Vendemmia Tardiva / 95%
Most planted grape of sardinia
cannonau
Oliena (Nepente di Oliena), Jerzu, and Capo Ferrato are subzones where?
Cannonau di Sardegna DOC
The nuoro province is where and requires a min of what grape?
Cannonau di sardegna (90% cannonau)
What is the mostl planted grape in the sulcis area.
Carignano
What other satellite island may make wine un the region of sardegna?
Sant’Antioco - south of sulcis and connected by a bridge
what is graciano called on sardegna
Bovale Sardo
Name a synonym for carignan on sardegna
Bovale Grande
Name a native sardegna grape
Monica / Nasco / Nuragus / Torbato
the other major ones are spanish
Min flor aging for Vernaccia di Oristano DOC. What are gregori and bennaxi?
minimum of two years, or three years for Superiore and four years for Riserva
gregori, which have low fertility and low limestone content and are found at higher altitudes, and bennaxi, the more fertile, alluvial soils at lower altitudes that are rich in loamy clay.
What is Mirto?
A popular local beverage in Sardinia is the liqueur Mirto. The myrtle (mirto) plant grows wild in the Mediterranean scrubland of Sardinia and Corsica, and its berries are macerated in an alcohol base with water and sugar to make Mirto.
28%–36% ABV, no additives of coloring or flavoring, and less than 270 grams per liter of total sugar.
Min % of carricante in etna Bianco / superiore / lees aging for spumante and main grape
60% / 80% / 18 months and 80% nerello
two main grapes of the faro doc
45% - 60% Nerello Mascalese
15% - 30% Nerello Cappuccio
max10% Nasco
where palari is located
Peloritani and Nebrodi mountains are found where?
Sicily - mamertino doc
Name two aeolian islands in italy
Lipari and Salina (two main ones)
min % of malvasia in malvasia delle lipari doc
92-95%
why do wines from malvasia delle lipari have a copper hue?
They must be blended with a min 5% red wine (Corinto Nero)
dry wines of malvasia di lipari would be bottled under what geographic indication
Salina IGT
min RS of malvasia delle lipari?
60 g/L
min amount of nero d’avola and frappato in cerasuolo di vittoia docg
min aging for wines from the classico zone
nero: 50-70
frappato: 30-50
18 months
hyblean mountains influence what docg?
Cerasuolo di vittoria
soil of cerasuolo classico zone that are also best for frappato
terra rossa
a wine labeled Eloro Pachino would be made of what grape - manly
Nero min 80%
what wines are made in italy in the perpetuum style?
marsala
Which of the following grapes does not have a region wide DOC on the island of Sardinia:
Cannonau
Moscato
Carignan
Vermentino
Monica
Carignan del Sucis DOC: only on the southern portion of the island. The island of Sant’Antioco alos is part of this DOC - connected to sardinia by a land bridge
what style of wine requires mosto cotto? what is the process of adding this called?
ambar marsala / concia
what two oaks are mainly used in marsala production
cherry and french
min aging for fine / superiore / superiore riserva / vergine / vergine riserva and/or stravecchio
Fine, requires at least one year of aging; 8 months in barrel
Superiore requires a minimum two years; 20 months in barrel
Superiore Riserva requires a minimum four years; 44 months in barrel
Vergine riserva 5 years; 56 months (4 years 8mo)
vergine riserva and/or stravecchio 10 years; 116 months (9 years 6 months)
wines labeled Fine IP, Superiore SOM, Superiore GD, and Superiore LP are from where?
Marsala Fine IP: “Italy Particular”
Marsala Superiore SOM: “Superior Old Marsala”
Marsala Superiore GD: “Garibaldi Dolce”, a reference to a 19th-century general
Marsala Superiore LP: “London Particular”
what styles of marsala may not be sweetened?
Vergine
name three ways marsala is sweetened
sifone (a sweet and syrupy mistelle), mosto cotto, and rectified concentrated grape juice.
a marsala with no additions other than gape spirit can be labeled what?
Vergine - 5 years min aging
RS for secco, semisecco, dolce? What style must always be secco?
Marsala is also designated by sweetness level, with secco having a maximum 40 grams per liter of residual sugar, semisecco between 40 and 100 grams per liter, and dolce having at least 100 grams per liter or higher. All Vergine wines must be secco.
who makes ‘vecchio samperi?’
De Bartoli’s Vecchio Samperi, is named for the contrada where his family’s cellar is located, tying the wine to a sense of place—which was virtually unheard of in Marsala when the wine was first released, with the 1980 vintage. This vino da tavola does not qualify for Marsala DOC because it is unfortified and its ABV is lower than the minimum; it is made in the traditional solera style of Marsala that was used before Woodhouse’s arrival.
explain the traditional method in which sweet wines are made on the island of pantelleria
The traditional method of making sweet wines on Pantelleria is to add dried grapes to a base wine of fresh grapes during fermentation (similar to the method of Tokaji Aszú but without botrytis).
what are stenditoio and serre?
On Pantelleria grapes are dried either outdoors in the sun in a walled area called a stenditoio, or in drying tunnels called serre, which intensify the heat and accelerate the pace of drying
what is the difference between passolata and passa Malaga grapes on Pantelleria?
Passolata are only 25-40% dried and Passa Malaga are fully dried.
Name 5 contrada of etna
san lorenzo / bocca di orzo / Calderara sottana / pietra marina / monte rosso / rinazzo / sant spirito / rampanti
What is the province of taurasi
Avellino
what are the DOC’s of molise
biferno / molise del molise / pentro di isernia / tintilla del molise
Grapes that can be blended with fiano in the fiano di avellino DOCG
Trebbiano /Greco / Coda di Vope
name the three appellations only for sweet wine in puglia.
Moscato di trani doc / primitivio di manduria dolce natural docg / aleatico di puglia doc
what decade was radici first made
1920’s
where would you find the sila mountains and the monte nebrodi
sila mountains - calabria / monte nebrodi - sicily
what is cordisco a synonym for?
Montepulciano - producers are trying to ban the term Montepulciano outside the Abruzzo region and are now pushing people to use this term.
where is tere nerre’s pre phyloxera bottling from and what is it called
La Vigna di Don Peppino - Calderara Sottana
where are nurgaus and semidano grapes found
sardina
name four wine producing regions with terra rossa soil
limari / cerasualo di vittoria / coonawarra /la mancha / wrattonbully
what are conche/vite ad alberello
conche are the craters dug to plant vines in to protect from hot winds on pantellaria/sicily
what is vino sfusso
bulk wine in the south of italy
organize from lowest abv to highest:
Castel del monte Nero de Troia Reserva DOCG
Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG classico
Taurasi DOCG classico
Taurasi classico 12%
Cerasuolo di Vittoria classico 12.5%
Castel del monte Nero de Troia Reserva 13%
Min aging for etna rosso riserva
Rosso Riserva: wines must undergo a minimum 4 years aging from November 1 of the harvest year including 12 months in wood.
when would you fortify vergine marsala
after fermentation and aging
