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MS/Advanced Somm Studies > Hungary and Eastern Europe > Flashcards

Hungary and Eastern Europe Flashcards

1
Q

Tokaj is at the confluence of what two rivers?

A

Tisza and Bodrog

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2
Q

What was the region of Tokaj’s former name?

A

Tokaj-Hegyalja

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3
Q

Who is responsible for delimiting 28 villages in 1700 in the region of Tokaj?

A

The Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy

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4
Q

What kind of grapes are a fundamental component of the best Tokaj wines?

A

Aszú grapes

Grapes that have a high sugar level and afflicted with botrytis cinerea

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5
Q

What two dessert wines did Tokaj predate?

A

The dessert wines of Germany and probably Sauternes as well

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6
Q

What was Tokaj’s nickname? Think Barolo

A

The wine of kings and king of wines

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7
Q

What are the name of the top 4 producers of Tokaj? Which is owned by Vega Sicilia?

A

Royal Tokaji Company
Tokaj Oremus (Vega Sicilia)
Disznókõ
Királyudvar

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8
Q

What is the name of Vega Sicilia’s Tokaj estate?

A

Tokaj Oremus

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9
Q

What is the difference between Tokaj and Tokaji?

A

Tokaj is the region and Tokaji is an adjectival form used to indicate the wine.

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10
Q

What mountains provide the Tokaj region shelter?

A

Carpathian Mountains

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11
Q

What is the climate of Tokaj? What’s the PGI?

A

Continental

Zemplén PGI (white wine/ice wine)

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12
Q

What are the two main soil types of Tokaj? What direction do the best vineyards face?

A

Volcanic loess and clay

Best vineyards face south

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13
Q

What is the name of the Tokaj classification? What is it divided into? What organization protects its integrity? name two first growths and two great first growths

A

Rákóczy’s classification

Divides villages intoGreat 1st Growths, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths

Tokaji Renaissance protects it

Nyulaszo / Disznoko / oremus = 1st

Mezas maly / szarvas = great first growths

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14
Q

What 2 first growths of the Rákóczy classification are designated as Great First Growths? What are their respective communes?

A

Szarvas (Tokaj)
Mézes Mály (Tarcal)

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15
Q

What are the two main grapes of Tokaj? What are the other four that are used in small quantities?

A

Furmint and Hárslevelu are the main two

Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains), Zéta (Oremus), Kabar, and Kövérszolo are the other 4

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16
Q

What is the main grape of Tokaji Aszú? Why?

A

Furmint

Harslevelu, Sargamusk
It is particularly susceptible to botrytis and high in acidity

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17
Q

What is the traditional harvest container for aszú grapes? How many kg can it hold?

A

puttony (25kg)

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18
Q

What is Esszencia created from?

A

Created from the syrupy, free-run juice from aszú grapes

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19
Q

What is the name of the traditional barrel for fermenting Tokaj? What kind oak is it and what is the volume?

A

gönc (Hungarian oak of 136L)

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20
Q

What is the difference between gönci barrels and gönc barrels?

A

Gönci refers to barrels of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes.

Gönc refers to the traditional 136L barrel used for Tokaji-Aszú fermentations

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21
Q

What determines the final sweetness of Tokaji Aszú wine?

A

The number of puttony added to a gönc

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22
Q

What are puttony?

A

harvest vessels containing aszú grapes that have either been freshly harvested or ground into a pulp to be added to gönc barrels for Tokaji-Aszú fermentation.

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23
Q

Prior to elimination in time for the 2013 harvest a bottle of Tokaji-Aszú would be labeled with what? How is modern Tokaji-Aszú labeled today?

A

A number between 3-6 puttonyos

Today it is labeled “Aszú”

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24
Q

What are the aging requirements for Tokaji Aszú/Aszú? Min RS? Min abv?
Eszencia abv range?

A

minimum 3 years including 18 months in barrel
and must contain at least 120g/L rs
and achieve a min alcohol content of at least 9%

1.2-8.0% / 27.75% potential

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25
Q

For how long does an Esszencia fermentation last? What is the min rs?

A

up to a decade

min 450g/L RS

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26
Q

Esszencia can also be labeled as what?

A

Natúresszencia

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27
Q

What are the styles of Tokaji other than Aszú? How are they produced?

A

Szamorodni (“as it comes”)
Produced from a blend of aszú and non-aszú grapes and often oxidative in style as it is aged in cask for a min 2 years. Produced in édes (sweet) and száras (dry) styles

Fordítas
Produced by refermenting wine with the pressed paste of a Tokaji Aszú fermentation

Máslás
Produced by refermenting wine with the spent lees of a Tokaji Aszú fermentation

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28
Q

What it the name of sweet and dry Szamorodni Tokaji wine respectively?

A

édés (sweet) and száras (dry)

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29
Q

What is the difference between Fordítas and Máslás Tokaji wine?

A

Fordítas is refermented with the pressed paste from a previous Tokaji Aszú fermentation

Máslás is refermented with the spent lees of a previous Tokaji Aszú fermentation

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30
Q

What are the 5 styles of Tokaji produced?

A

Esszencia/Natúresszencia
Aszú
Szamorodni
(produced édés - sweet
and száras - dry in style)
Fordítas
Máslás

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31
Q

Who owns the Royal Tokaji Company? Who is the talented winemaker behind the establishment of this winery? What other Tokaji estate does he produce for?

A

Hugh Johnson

István Szepsy who also produces for Királyudvar

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32
Q

What is the name of the small contingent of producers in Tokaj that is committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region? What is the most famous member?

A

Circle of Mád

István Szepsy

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33
Q

As of what year is the use of “Tokaj” or its derivatives Tokay and Tocai prohibited from being used on wine labels outside of Tokaj in Europe?

A

2007

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34
Q

What are the 3 major geographical zones of production in Hungary?

A

North Hungary (includes Tokaj and Eger)
Transdanubia
Great Plain

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35
Q

Eger is famous for what wine? What is its nickname? What grape historically dominated for the production of this grape? What are the grapes used today? Aging requirements?

A

Egri Bikavér (Bull’s Blood of Eger)

Kadarka is the traditional grape

Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) and other Hungarian and international grapes are used today

Eger aging:
Bikavér: Wines must be aged in wooden barrels for at least 6 months/11.5%
Bikavér “Superior”: Wines must be aged for 12 months in wooden barrels. 12%
Bikavér “Grand Superior”: Wines must be aged for 12 months in wooden barrels. 12.5%

Szekszard aging:
Bikavér: Wines must be aged for a minimum 1 year in oak. 12.8%

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36
Q

What is the synonym for Blaufränkisch in Hungary?

A

Kékfrankos

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37
Q

What are the only two production areas in Hungary allowed to use the term “Bikavér” on wine labels? What are there respective wine growing regions?

A

Eger (Northern Hungary)
Szekszárd (Transdanubia)

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38
Q

Badacsony and Blatonfüred-Csopak are two wine producing areas within what Hungarian wine region? On what Lake are they located? Soil type?

A

Transdanubia

Both located on Lake Balaton

Volcanic (this and somlo are the top volcanic soil areas)

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39
Q

What is the synonym for Welschriesling in Hungary?

A

Olaszrizling

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40
Q

What is Hungary’s warmest region? What country does it share a border with? What grapes thrive here? Do they have aging minimums?

A

Villány

Borders Croatia

Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser) 51-66%
BDX varietals, Kékfrankos

Aging Requirements: Vörös Prémium and Super Premium wines must be aged for at least one year in wood. Super Premium must be aged at least two years in total.

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41
Q

What is the synonym for Blauer Portugieser in Hungary?

A

Kékoporto

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42
Q

What is the name of the Hungarian wine region that borders Austria? What part of Austria does it border? What is the star grape here?

A

Sopron

Borders Austria’s Burgenland

Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch) is the star grape here

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43
Q

What is the name of Hungary’s largest region? What major region is it within?

A

Kunság in the Great Plain (Duna)

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44
Q

What was production geared toward in Bulgaria in the 1970s and 1980s?

A

cheap varietal wines

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45
Q

What is a top producer of Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon in Bulgaria?

A

Boyar Estates “Blueridge”

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46
Q

What are two top boutique wineries in Bulgaria?

A

Santa Sarah
Enira

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47
Q

What are the levels of quality in Bulgaria?

A

Declared Geographic Origin (DGO)

Controliran wines:
superior appellation within DGO

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48
Q

For Bulgarian Controliran wines, what two aspects of production are regulated?

A

Max yield and residual sugar

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49
Q

What are the five large regions of production in Bulgaria? Which two are recognized by the EU as geographic indications?

A

Danubian Plain (recognized by EU)
Thracian Lowlands (recognized by EU)
Black Sea Region
Strums River Valley
Rose Valley

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50
Q

Suhindol and Svichtov are the most noteworthy Controliran wines of where?

A

Danubian Plain in Bulgaria

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51
Q

What is the most notable Controliran wine of the Rose Valley in Bulgaria?

A

Sungurlare

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52
Q

Harsovo is the most notable Controliran wine of where?

A

Struma Valley in Bulgaria

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53
Q

What is the most notable Controliran wine of the Black Sea Region?

A

Khan Krum

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54
Q

What are the Bulgarian wine regions corresponding to each of the following?

Suhindol
Svichtov
Sungurlare
Harsovo
Khan Krum

A

Suhindol (Danubian Plain)
Svichtov (Danubian Plain)
Sungurlare (Rose Valley)
Harsovo (Struma Valley)
Khan Krum (Black Sea Region)

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55
Q

What does the term “barik” indicate on a label of Bulgarian wine? What quality level may it be present on?

A

Indicates that fermentation occurred in oak casks of 500L or less in volume

All quality wines are eligible for this

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56
Q

What are the two aging terms for Bulgarian DGO wines? What are their aging requirements?

A

Reserve (min 1 year of aging)
Special Selection (min 2 years of aging)

monovarietal wines

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57
Q

What are the top two international red grapes planted in Bulgaria? Top 5 indigenous red grapes? Which is planted exclusively in the Struma River Valley?

A

Cabernet and Merlot are the top two international

Gamza (Kadarka), Mavrud, Pamid, and Rubin are widely cultivated
Melnik is exclusively cultivated in the Struma River Valley

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58
Q

What is the main indigenous red grape in the Struma Valley of Bulgaria?

A

Melnik

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59
Q

What crossing led to the Rubin grape in Bulgaria?

A

Nebbiolo and Syrah

60
Q

Where is Teran a sub-region and what grape is it known for?

What is sipon and sauvignonesse?

A

Kras-Primorska-Refosco

Furmit and Friulano in slovenia

61
Q

What are the most planted white varietals in Bulgaria?

A

Rkatsiteli and Dimiat are the most planted white grapes

62
Q

What is the aromatic specialty of Sungurlare?

A

Red Misket (Misket Chevren)

63
Q

What are the top 3 international grapes planted in Romania?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, and Pinot Noir

64
Q

What are the two most cultivated native white grapes in Romania?

A

Feteasca Alba and Feteasca Regala

65
Q

What is Bulgaria’s Pamid called in Romania?

66
Q

What are the top white international grapes of Romania?

A

Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Muscat Ottonel, Pinot Gris and Riesling Italico (Welschriesling)

67
Q

What are the top 3 indigenous red grapes grown in Romania?

A

Feteasca Neagra
Burgund Mare
Babeasca Neagra

68
Q

What are the two levels of wine quality in Romania? What are the sub categories of each

A

“Wines for Consumption”/table wines
Vin de Masa (VM)
Vin de Masa Superior (VMS)

Quality Wines
Vin de Calitate Superioara (VS) =IGP
Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC)=DOP

69
Q

Are hybrids allowed in Quality Wines of Romania?

70
Q

What are the 3 sub categories of Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC) in Romania?

A

DOC-CMD (grapes harvested at full maturity)
DOC-CT (late-harvested grapes)
DOC-CIB (botrytis-affected grapes)

71
Q

What do the following indicate on a bottle of Romanian wine?

DOC-CMD
DOC-CT
DOC-CIB

A

All are Quality Wine designations for Denumire de Origine Controlata (DOC) wines.

DOC-CMD (wine created from grapes harvested at full maturity)
DOC-CT (wine created from late-harvest grapes)
DOC-CIB (wine created from botrytis-affected grapes)

72
Q

In Romania what mountain range is located in the center of the country? What river creates its southern border with Serbia? What direction and into what sea does it flow?

A

Carpathian Mountains

Danube River flows east into the Black Sea

73
Q

What wine region of Romania has the country’s highest vineyards?

A

Transylvania

74
Q

What are the wine regions circling the Carpathian Mountains in Romania in a clockwise fashion from northeast? Which geographical plain is the last one an eastern extension of?

A

Moldavia - Hills of Moldova
Muntenia-Oltenia
Banat
Crisana-Maramures (eastern extension of the Pannonian Plain.

75
Q

What two wine regions of Romania are located along the Black Sea?

A

Dobrogea
Danube Terraces

76
Q

Where is the Tarnave DOC located within Romania? What style of wines does it specialize in?

A

In Transylvania

Specializes in high acid white wines from Feteasca grapes and Traminer Rosé

77
Q

What DOC of Romania produces wines that are the country’s most famous vinous product, having once enjoyed a reputation on par with Tokaji? Within what larger region is this? What is the star grape? What is it called in Hungry and where would you find it?

A

Cotnari DOC within Moldavia

Grasa de Cotnari

Kövérszőlő / Tokaj

78
Q

Which two DOCs of Romania are gaining a reputation for Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir? Within what larger region is this? Which of the two is known for producing traditional late harvest wines from Chardonnay?

A

Dealu Mare within Muntenia-Oltenia
Murfatlar within Dobrogea (late harvest Chardonnay made here)

79
Q

What are the 3 main wine regions of Slovenia? Which borders Friuli in Italy?

A

Primorska (borders Friuli)
Podravje
Posavje

80
Q

What are the 4 subregions of Primorska in Slovenia?

A

Goriska Brda
Vipavska Dolina
Kras
Slovenska Istra

81
Q

What does Brda translate to referring to Goriska Brda?

A

Brda means hills

82
Q

What do Goriska Brda and Kras become respectively across the Italian border?

A

Goriska Brda becomes Collio Goriziano
Kris becomes Carso

83
Q

What are the top three producers in Slovenia?

A

Ales Kristancic (Movia)
Josko Gravner
Edi Simcic - makes Kolos (cab sauv/merlot/cab franc)
Marjan Simcic (makes Leonardo - straw wine ribolla)

84
Q

What are Refosco, Ribolla Gialla, and Pinot Gris called in Slovenia?

A

Refosk, Rebula, and Sivi Pinot

85
Q

What are the top two red international grapes of Primorska in Slovenia?

A

Cabernet and Merlot

86
Q

What are the top two white indigenous grapes of Primorska? Climate of primorska and how it differs from Podravje/Posavje?

A

Pinela and Zelen

Primorska (especially Slovenska Istra) has a more mild, Mediterranean-influenced climate that is similar to that of Friuli, as compared to the rest of Slovenia, which is generally continental.

87
Q

What is the name of Slovenia’s largest wine region and what style of wine does it specialize in? What is Tai? What is Pinot Noir called here?

A

Podravje

Specializes in white wines (70% of production?)

Friulano

Modri Pinot

88
Q

What are Welschriesling, Gewürztraminer, and Riesling called in Slovenia?

A

Laski Rizling
Diseci Traminer
Renski Rizling

89
Q

What are the top two international white grapes planted in Podravje in Slovenia? What are the Slovenian names for “PGI & PDO?” What is table wine called in Slovenia?

A

Chardonnay and Sauvignon Blanc

PDO wines are referred to as Zaščitena Označa Porekla (ZOP) and constitute much of Slovenia’s production. PGIs, which are not as common, are labeled here as Zaščitena Geografska Označba (ZGO).

Table wine is simply namizmo vino.

90
Q

What is Welschriesling called in Croatia?

91
Q

What white grape accounts for over half of Croatia’s vineyard acreage?

A

Grasevina (Welschriesling)

92
Q

What are the two winemaking zones of Croatia?

A

Istria
Dalmatia

93
Q

What are the top two indigenous red grapes of Croatia?

A

Plavac Mali
Crljenak Kastelanski

94
Q

What is the name of Mike Grgich’s estate in Croatia? What is the sub zone and region in Croatia that it is located in? Star grape?

A

Grgic Vina

Dingac sub zone of Dalmatiaon the peljesac peninsula

Plavac Mali

95
Q

What region in Slovakia is contiguous with Tokaj in Hungary?

96
Q

What are the two principle wine regions of the Czech Republic?

A

Morava and Bohemia (cechy)

97
Q

What is Blaufränkisch called in the Czech Republic? and what is is the czech republic’s most densely planted region?

A

Frankovka / morava

98
Q

What is the Czech Republic equivalent of the Oechsle scale?

A

Czecho-Slovak Normalized Must Weight Scale (NM)

99
Q

What are the only 3 white grapes that qualify for VOC Znojmo in Czech Republic?

What is the term used for the highest quality wine from the country?

A

Grüner Veltliner
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling

Jokostni

100
Q

What is the appellation system in the Czech Republic called?

A

Vína Originální Certifikace (VOC)

101
Q

What major river runs through the middle of the Khaketi valley?

102
Q

Where would a wine with this symbol come from?

A

Villany DHC

103
Q

What does DHC(VEB)/OEM/OFJ/Magyar Bor mean on a label?

A
  • Districus Hungaricus Controllatus (voluntary sub classification within a PDO)
    - Védett Erdetű bor is a synonym for DHC

PDO equivalent:

Oltalom alatt álló Eredetmegjelölés

PGI Equivalent:

Oltalom Alatt Földrajzi Jelzes

Table wine equivalent:

Magyar Bor/Bor

104
Q

What styles of wine are:

Késői szüretelésű bor -
Fehér bor
Pezsgő

Are any of them allowed to be produced under the Tokaji PDO/OEM?

A

Késői szüretelésű bor - late harvest wines

Fehér bor - white table wines

Pezsgő - sparkling wines

Yes, all of them

105
Q

What year was the DHC approved? What other abreviation can be used in it’s place?

A

The Védett Eredetű—or Districtus Hungaricus Controllatus (DHC)—is a voluntary sub-category within the PDO. It was created in 2003 for wine producing areas, which are the size of a region or smaller, to designate the strictest quality-controlled areas in the country.

VEB

106
Q

Can you name 3 DHC’s of hungary?

A
  1. Eger DHC – Encompasses the whole region. Also includes Egri Bikavér DHC (Bull´s Blood) and Egri Bikavér Superior DHC wine styles.
  2. Villány DHC — Encompasses the whole region.
  3. Somló DHC — A sub-region of the Nagy Somló PDO. Includes the Somló Nászéjszakák bora DHC and Somlói Arany DHC wines.
  4. Tokaji DHC —Includes máslás, fordítás, szamorodni, aszú, and eszencia wine styles.
  5. Izsáki Arany Sárfehér DHC — A sub-region of the Kunság PDO.
  6. Debrői Hárslevelű DHC — A sub-region of the Eger PDO.
  7. Káli Medence DHC — This is an area on the northern shore of Lake Balaton.
107
Q

What is Dűlős bor mean on a Hungarian label?

A

Single Vineyard

108
Q

what does Jégbor mean on a bottle of Hungarian wine?

109
Q

How long must “Bikaver’ wines be aged from Szeksard? Eger?

A

1 year in oak / Szeksard

Eger:
Bikavér: Wines must be aged in wooden barrels for at least 6 months
Bikavér “Superior” and ‘Grand Superior”: Wines must be aged for 12 months in wooden barrels

110
Q

What is Csillag

A

a white blend a la Bikaver from Szeksard and Eger

111
Q

the Zapadni Rodopi mountains influence what regions of Bulgaria?

A

Struma River Valley / Thracain Lowlands

112
Q

What mountain range influences the valley of roses?

A

Stara Plania (Bulkin range)

113
Q

Three names for Blaufrankisch

A

Kekfrankos
Lemberger
Kadarka modra

114
Q

The Iván Valley is a cru where?

115
Q

Where is the ararat valley/ararat valley foothills?

116
Q

What country has the most vines planted per capita?

117
Q

Where would you find the regions of Stefan Vodra and Valul Lui Traian?

118
Q

Who makes “Negru de Purcari” and what is it made from?

A

Purcari Winery
Cab Sauv, Saperavi, Rara Neagra (Babeasca Negra)

119
Q

What’s the most planted region in Russia? Why?

A

Kuban & Krym
Proximity to the black sea creates a Mediterranean climate on the coast, similar latitude to bdx

120
Q

2 most planted grapes in Georgia?What is the main soil of Kakheti?

A

Separavi (teinturier)
Rkatsitelli

followed by:
cabernet sauv
Kakhuri Mtsvani

Cinnamonic -sandy, reddish-colored, calcareous clays

121
Q

What is “Chacha” in georgian wine

A

the whole cluster that goes into the qvevri for fermentation. or pommace brandy

122
Q

Native Armenian red grape with the most acclaim?

A

Areni Noir

123
Q

What is Kratosija?

A

Zin in Montonegro/North Macadonia

124
Q

Where is the Vardar Valley? Main sub-region?

A

North Macedonia
Tikves valley

125
Q

Tsinandali, Kvareli & Gurjaani are all sub-regions where?

126
Q

Mountain range that influences kakheti? What soils dominate here because of the mountains and the overall arid climate?

A

Caucus/ cinnamonic (sandy/red calcareous clay)

127
Q

Two main native red grapes in N. macedonia?

A

Kratosija / Vranac

128
Q

What is the color/dryness/stillness for Kindzmarauli wine? Akhasheni? Kardenakhi? Kvanchakara?

A

Kindzmarauli: Semi-Sweet, red, seperavi, aged 2 years

Akhasheni: Semi-sweet, red, seperavi

Kardenakhi: Sweet, fortified, white, Rkats and Mtvane

Kvanchakara: semi-sweet red of Alexandrouli & Mujuretuli

129
Q

Where is Chateau Bella? Who owns it?

A

Slovakia - Sturovo
Egon Muller

130
Q

How many lbs of aszu mixed with 100L of base wine makes 1 puttonyo?

131
Q

What year were puttonyos aboloshied? What else was aboloshed?

A

2013 they were removed from label. Aszúeszencia

132
Q

For Slovenian wine what does the term Vrhunsko mean?

A

Premium wine

133
Q

Oechsle rating for the following and what do they mean? May enrichment or sweetening be allowed?

Vrhunsko vino ZGP
Pozna trgatev
Izbor
Jagodni izbor
Suhi jagodni izbor
Ledeno vino

What do the following mean?
Slamno vino
Vrhunsko peneče vino ZGP

A

Enrichment, sweetening, acidification and de-acidification are not permitted.

Vrhunsko vino ZGP: 84° Oechsle

Pozna trgatev: Produced with overripe and/or botrytis-infected grapes. (Min. 91° Oechsle)

Izbor: Produced with overripe and botrytis-infected grapes. (Min. 102° Oechsle)

Jagodni izbor: Produced with overripe and botrytis-infected grapes. (Min. 127° Oechsle)

Suhi jagodni izbor: Produced with overripe and botrytis-infected grapes. (Min. 154° Oechsle)

Ledeno vino: Produced from naturally frozen grapes. (Min. 127° Oechsle)

Slamno vino: Produced from grapes dried naturally on reed or straw.

Vrhunsko peneče vino ZGP Premium sparkling wine from a protected designation of origin

134
Q

Where is Anatlola?

135
Q

Name a wine region in Lebanon aside fro Bekka. Name two in Israeal?-

River influencing viti in Lebanon?

What is the elevation of the vineyards of Bekka ? Name 3 grapes planted here.

A

Batroun

Judean Hills / Golan Heights / Upper Galilee

Bekaa Valley (Litani river)/ 1000m / obeideh / Merwah / Cinsault / carignan / grenache

136
Q

Aurelia Visinesu, Recas, & Terra Romana are top producers where?

137
Q

The regions of Timok, Srem, and Sumadija-Great Morova are where?

138
Q

What is a qvevri called in Armenia?

139
Q

What wine region are the following producers located in:

Istvan Szepsy
Aleš Kristančič
Mike Grgich (not usa)
Serge Hochar

A

Istvan Szepsy: Tokaj
Aleš Kristančič: Gorsika Brda
Mike Grgich: Dignac PDO
Serge Hochar: Bekaa Valley

140
Q

What is Szurkeharat?

A

Pinot Gris in Hungary

141
Q

Znojmo, Mikulav, and Blatnice are fmaous regions where?

A

Czech Republic - VOC system

142
Q

What is Magarach?

A

Crossing of Cab Sauv and Saperavi used in Ukraine

143
Q

Vinkara & Kavaklidere are top producers where?

144
Q

The red grapes of Kalesik Karasi & Okuzgozu are native where?

145
Q

what two rivers influence kunsag

A

duna (danube) / Tisza

MS/Advanced Somm Studies (214 decks)

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