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MS/Advanced Somm Studies > Canada > Flashcards

Canada Flashcards

1
Q

What decade were vitis vinifera vines plated in Canada on a commercial scale?

A

1970s

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2
Q

What is the VQA?

A

Vinters Quality Alliance. An appellation and quality control system introduced in Ontario is 1988

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3
Q

In which provinces are VQA standards legally enforced?

A

Only Ontario. Standards are voluntary in Britich Columbia

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4
Q

Which provinces in Canada have VQA status?

A

Ontario and British Columbia

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5
Q

If labelled Ontario or British Columbia what percentage of grapes must come from the respective provence for VQA bottlings?

A

100%

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6
Q

What percentage of grapes must come from the appellation in Ontario if it is more precise than province level?

A

85% (excl Niagara Pen sub appellations)

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7
Q

What percentage of grapes must come from the appellation in British Columbia if it is more precise than province level?

A

95%

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8
Q

If a wine is labelled with a sub appellation of the Niagara Peninsula what percentage of grapes must come from the stated are?

A

100%

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9
Q

Is chapitalisation permitted in Canada for the production of late harvest and ice wine?

A

No

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10
Q

Name the 3 main wine making areas of Ontario

A

Niagara Peninsula
Lake Erie North Shore
Prince Edward County

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11
Q

What range of latitude are Ontario’s wine making areas located between?

A

43 -44 degrees

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12
Q

Name the 2 regional Appellations of Niagara Peninsula

A

Niagara Escarpment

Niagara on the Lake

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13
Q

Name the sub appellation of Niagara Peninsula not included in a regional appellation?

A

Vinemount Ridge
Creek Shores
Lincoln Lakeshore

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14
Q

Niagara River
Niagara Lakeshore
Four Mile Creek
St. David’s Bench

Where are these subregions?

A

Niagara on the Lake regional appellation

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15
Q

Name the sub appellations of the Niagara Escarpment regional appellation

A

Short Hills Bench
Beamsville Bench
Twenty Mile Bench

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16
Q

Which regional appellation of the Niagara Peninsula is Short Hills Bench contained in?

A

Niagara Escarpment

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17
Q

Which regional appellation of the Niagara Peninsula is Beamsville Bench contained in?

A

Niagara Escarpment

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18
Q

Which regional appellation of the Niagara Peninsula is Twenty Mile Bench contained in?

A

Niagara Escarpment

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19
Q

Which regional appellation of the Niagara Peninsula is Niagara River contained in?

A

Niagara on the Lake

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20
Q

Which regional appellation of the Niagara Peninsula is Niagara Lakeshore contained in?

A

Niagara on the Lake

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21
Q

Which regional appellation of the Niagara Peninsula is Four Mile Creek contained in?

A

Niagara on the Lake

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22
Q

Which regional appellation of the Niagara Peninsula is St. David’s Bench contained in?

A

Niagara on the Lake

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23
Q

Whish winery pioneered the production of ice wine

A

Iniskillin

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24
Q

Producer of icewine must declare their intent to produce to the VQA in which month?

A

November

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25
Q

What is temperature must be reached before grapes can be harvested for ice wine?

A

-8 degrees

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26
Q

What percentage of production does ice wine represent in Canada?

A

Less than 5%

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27
Q

What is the sub appellation of Lake Erie North Shore?

A

South Islands

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28
Q

What appellation is Pelee Island contained in?

A

Lake Erie North Shore

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29
Q

What are the major grape varieties of Lake Erie North Shore?

A

Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon

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30
Q

What are the main grape varieties of the Niagara Peninsula?

A

Riesling, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc

Pinot Noir, Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot

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31
Q

Which Province is Prince Edward County in?

A

Ontario

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32
Q

True or False Most of Prince Edward County is separated from the mainland by water?

A

True

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33
Q

How many VQA designated viticultural areas (DVA)s are there in British Columbia?

A

10

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34
Q

Name the DVAs of British Columbia

A 
British Columbia
Fraser Valley
Gulf Islands 
Kootenays 
Lillooet 
Okanagan Valley 
Shuswap
Similkameen Valley 
Thomson Valley
Vancouver Island
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35
Q

What Province is Fraser Valley Located in?

A

British Columbia

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36
Q

What Province is Gulf Islands Located in?

A

British Columbia

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37
Q

What Province is Kootenays Located in?

A

British Columbia

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38
Q

What Province is Lillooet Located in?

A

British Columbia

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39
Q

What Province is Okanagan Valley Located in?

A

British Columbia

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40
Q

What Province is Shuswap Located in?

A

British Columbia

41
Q

What Province is Similkameen Valley Located in?

A

British Columbia

42
Q

What Province is Thomson Valley Located in?

A

British Columbia

43
Q

What Province is Vancouver Island Located in?

A

British Columbia

44
Q

What is the most developed region in British Columbia

A

Okanagen Valley supplying 82% of the Provinces wine

45
Q

What latitude is Okanagen Valley

A

It reaches northward of the 49th parallel

46
Q

Which are in Canada was the first to produce icewine?

A

Okanagen Valley. Produced by Walter Hanlie in 1973 before the inception of Inniskilln

47
Q

What is the minimum RS allowed for Canadian ice wine?

48
Q

What is does Meritage mean on a Canadian wine label?

A

These wines are red and white blends of 2 or more Bordeaux varieties, and no variety may exceed 90% of the blend.

49
Q

Mission Hill is a famous winery in which DVA?

A

Okanagen Valley

50
Q

What are the 3 most commonly used grapes to produce Canadian Ice Wine?

A

Riesling, Vidal Blanc, Cabernet Franc

51
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape in British Columbia?

52
Q

Cidre de glace is a specialty in which Province?

53
Q

What is the minimum alcohol content allowed for Canadian Ice Wine?

54
Q

What is the most widely planted red grape in Ontario?

A

Cabernet Franc

55
Q

name two of the six new okanagan valley sub-regions added in 2022.

A

East Kelowna Slopes GI (est 2022)
South Kelowna Slopes GI (est 2022)
Lake Country GI (est 2022)
Summerland Bench GI (est 2022)
Summerland Lakefront GI (est 2022)
Summerland Valleys GI (est 2022)

56
Q

Where would you find the following subregions?

Golden Mile Bench GI (est 2014)
Okanagan Falls GI (est 2018)
Naramata Bench GI (est 2019)
Skaha Bench GI (est 2019)
Golden Mile Slopes GI (est 2020)

A

Okanagan Valley GI

57
Q

Where is the cowichan valley?

A

Vancouver island

58
Q

What two bodies of water influence the okanagan valley?

A

Lake Okanagan / Osoyoos Lake

59
Q

What bodies of water effect Ontario and how?

A

Lake Ontario / Lake Erie / Niagra River

They retain cold tempratures and delay budbreak past the spring frost season and retain warmth from the summer to encourage longer hangtimes to finish ripening / create the enviroment for ice wine.

60
Q

Where are the south islands?

A

In lake erie north shore (includes Pelee Island) and is Ontario’s warmest point.

61
Q

Who was the first to plant vinifera in Canada - predating Konstantin Frank.

A

Adhemar de Chaunac in 1951

62
Q

what is the difference in vqa standards in ontario and BC?

A

mandatory in ontario and voluntary i BC

63
Q

where is the producer inniskilin located?

A

Niagra-on-the-Lake - first ice wine amde in 1974

64
Q

what two major events in the 1980’s and 90’s led to a focus on smaller production premium wine in Canada?

A

US trade agreement cause US wine to come into Canada - Canadian producers had to do better

Establishment of VQA

Gov sponsored vine pull - added more good vineyard land.

65
Q

What color is the Ontario VQA logo and what is it an image of?

A

grape cluster - gold w/ black back drop

66
Q

VQA wines from Ontario or British Columbia must be made from ______ of grapes grown in the respective province.

67
Q

If labeled with a more precise appellation, British Columbia VQA wines must contain a minimum ______ of grapes grown in the stated appellation, whereas Ontario VQA wines require ______ for appellations and regional appellations, and _______ for sub-appellations (in Niagara Peninsula).

A

95% / 85% / 100%

68
Q

To be labeled with a single vineyard in either Ontario or BC, a VQA wine must contain ______ grapes grown in the stated vineyard.

69
Q

With the exception of ____________, all Ontario & BC VQA wines must be labeled with a vintage date and contain a minimum ______ of grapes harvested in that year.

A

sparkling wines / 85%

70
Q

Varietal wines from both Ontario and BC must contain a minimum _______ of the stated variety.

71
Q

What styles of wine from Canada cannot be chaptalized?

A

Icewine & late harvest

72
Q

All of Ontario’s appellations are located between what two latitudes?

A

41 and 44 degrees latitude

73
Q

In what month must Ontario producers declare their intent to make icewine?

74
Q

Located here is_____, the oldest winery in the Americas, founded in 1597.

A

Casa Madero

75
Q

Straight of Georgia, Georgia Straight, straight of georgia, georgia straight)

76
Q

What is the minimum Brix level required at harvest for “Special Select Late Harvest” wines in Ontario?

77
Q

where is the cowichan valley

78
Q

name three iwne producing states of mexico

A

Beyond Baja California, Coahuila and Querétaro are also key wine-producing states.Durango, Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, and Guanajuato also

79
Q

What are the two pgi regions of Quebec and when we’re they founded?

A

Vin du Quebec (for white, rosé, red, sparkling, late harvest, and dried grape wines)

Vin de glace du Québec for ice wine only

2018

80
Q

Please name 3 wine growing regions of Quebec

A

Appalachian Foothills
Appalachian Plateau
Deux-Montagnes
Lake Saint-Pierre
Monteregian Hills
Quebec and the Banks of the St. Lawrence River
Richelieu River Valley

81
Q

The Quebec Winegrowers Association created a private certification mark in _______ for Quebec wines—Vins Certifié du Québec.

82
Q

What is the only appellation of Canada that mandates wines be based on hybrid grapes? When was it founded?

A

Tidal bay
2010

Minimum 51% combined Seyval, l’Acadie, Geisenheim 318 and/or Vidal; plus other white varieties of Nova Scotia

83
Q

Please name three wine growing regions of Nova Scotia

A

Annapolis Valley
Avon River Valley
Bear River Valley
Gaspereau Valley
LaHave River Valley
Malagash Penninsula
Marble Mountain

84
Q

Why is is it common to inoculate ice wine fermentation in Canada?

A

The fermentation differs from table wine fermentation as the yeasts augment glycerol synthesis, which limits cytoplasmic water loss and provides osmotolerance (which protects them from the high sugar and solute levels), and also results in the formation of acetic acid, frequently increasing titratable acidity.

Fermentation temperature, strain of yeast, and use of yeast acclimation will also have considerable effect.

Inoculation with commercial strains of yeast is common as there are very few natural saccharomyces yeast cells left on the grapes after harvest.

85
Q

What additive is allowed in Ontario ice wine production - aside from yeast. What are the conditions for this additive?

A

Ontario regulations allow that sweet reserve (süssreserve) may be added if the minimum Brix level of the grapes used in the sweet reserve was 32° Brix at harvest, and it does not exceed 15% of the total volume of the wine.

86
Q

Is acidification allowed in the production of Ontario ice wine?

A

Yes, up to 4g

87
Q

main soils of thje niagra escarpment?

q

88
Q

name two hybriods allowed to produce wine in Ontario

A

Vidal and Baco Noir

89
Q

Why is snow vital in the vineyards of Canada?

A

Insulates plants from harsh freezing and stops the from bursting

90
Q

What is the hammock method?

A

Hammock lined netting strung over vineyards in Quebec hold picked grapes that freeze outside naturally. Only allowed in Quebec

91
Q

what is the soil of seneca lake

A

shale and limestone

92
Q

main lake that moderates Dr. Konstantein Frank estate

A

keuka lake

93
Q

where does the Colombia river rise?

A

canada lake colombia

94
Q

What are the main three grapes of prince edward county

A

Red Grapes: Pinot Noir, Gamay
White Grapes: Chardonnay

95
Q

name three producers of ice wine from canada

A

Peller / Wagner /Inniskillen

96
Q

name two GI’s where inniskillin makes wine

A

Okanagan Valley and Niagra Peninsula

97
Q

What is the most productive DVA in Canada?

A

Okanagan Valley (Designated Viticulture Area)

98
Q

What GI is influenced by the straight of georgia?

A

Vancouver Island

MS/Advanced Somm Studies (214 decks)

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