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Neuroscience > Somatosensory System/ Ascending Tracts > Flashcards

Somatosensory System/ Ascending Tracts Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 modalities of the somato-sensory system?

A
  • Discriminative Touch
  • Proprioception
  • Nociception
  • Temperature
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2
Q

What is divergent neural proccessing?

A
  • Potential spreads to more than 1 system

- The axon gives off collaterals

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3
Q

What is the purpose of convergence?

A

To increase the contrast of the neural signal

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4
Q

What is the term for contrast enhancement ?

A
  • Lateral inhibition
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5
Q

What are the 3 types of lateral inhibition?

A
  • Feed forward
  • Feedback
  • Distal
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6
Q

What is feedforward control?

A

Lateral collaterals activate inhibitory cell off of primary neuron provide stimulation to inhibitory neurons. (no feedback)

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7
Q

What is local feedback inhibition?

A

Collaterals from inhibitory neurons receiving strong sensory input synapse on interneurons and inhibit analogous/ neighboring inhibitory neurons to better pinpoint the source of the stimulus.

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8
Q

What is distal feedback inhibition?

A

Axons from the motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex synapse on an interneuron that synapses on an inhibitory neuron targeting the secondary neurons of a somatosensory system, further inhibiting weaker input,

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9
Q

What is the overall purpose of convergence/ contrast enhancement?

A
  • Inhibit weaker signals for stronger clarity of the more powerful sensory information
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10
Q

What is kinesthetic and position sense considered mysterious?

A
  • We are unaware of it since it has no defined sensation that is identifiable
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11
Q

What 3 types of receptors combine to form awareness of joint position? What other signal contributes? Which is the primary receptor?

A
  • Muscle spindles (primary)
  • Skin/ SA ruffini endings
  • Joint receptors (detect end of motion)
  • Signals of central origins sense effort or will
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12
Q

Why are position and movements of joints separate senses?

A
  • They share the same receptors, but central processing occurs in the different areas/ pathways
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13
Q

What 2 receptors are especially important in determining joint position?

A
  • SA cutaneous receptors

- Tonic muscle spindles

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14
Q

What 3 receptors are especially important in determining movement?

A
  • FA receptors
  • Muscle spindles
  • Golgi tendon organs
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15
Q

Where are receptors found for touch and pressure?

A

In the skin

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16
Q

What are the 3 primary sensory afferents for touch and pressure?

A
  • Group II fast

- Group III and IV slow

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17
Q

Where is the origin of the fasciculus gracilis?

A

The dorsal root ganglions of T7 - S5

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18
Q

Do the fibers of the fasciculus gracilis cross?

A

No.

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19
Q

Where is the tract of the fasciculus gracilis found?

A
  • Throughout the entire spinal cord
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20
Q

On what does the fasciculus gracilis synapse in the higher centers?

A
  • The nucleus gracilis in medulla
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21
Q

What sensations run through the fasciculus gracilis?

A
  • Conscious proprioception, discriminative touch, pressure, 2 point discrimination, kinesthetic sense
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22
Q

Where is the origin of the fasciculus cuneatus?

A
  • Dorsal root ganglions of C1- T6
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23
Q

Do the fibers of the fasciculus cuneatus cross the spinal cord?

A

No.

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24
Q

Where is the tract of the fasciculus cuneatus found in the spinal cord?

A

Above T6

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25
Q

What does the fasciculus cuneatus synapse on in the higher centers?

A
  • The nucleus cuneatus in the medulla
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26
Q

What sensations run through the fasciculus cuneatus?

A
  • Consious proprioception, discriminative touch, pressure, 2 point discrimination, kinesthetic sense
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27
Q

What is the origin of the spinocervical thalamic tract?

A
  • The lateral cervical nuclei of the dorsal horn (at C1, and above)
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28
Q

Do the fibers of the spinocervical thalamic tract cross?

A

Yes

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29
Q

What do the fibers of the spinocervical thalamic tract synapse on in the higher centers?

A
  • Thalamus
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30
Q

What sensation runs through the spinocervical thalamic tract?

A
  • Discrimitive touch

- Passive manipulation (somewhat)

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31
Q

What fascicle is the spinocervical thamalic tract analgous to?

A
  • The fasciculus cuneatus (maybe?)
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32
Q

What is the origin of dorsal spinocerebellar tract?

A
  • Laminae 7/ Clark’s Column of T1 - L2
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33
Q

What is Clark’s Column

A
  • Ias, Ibs, and IIs, give off collaterals to interneurons, which exit the horn laterally and ascends up from the lateral portion of the spinal cord
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34
Q

Do the fibers of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract cross?

A
  • No
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35
Q

Where do the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts synapse?

A

On the nuclei in L3 - C1

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36
Q

Where are the dorsal spinocerebellar tracts found in the spinal cord?

A
  • Fibers are found throughout
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37
Q

What sensory information runs through the dorsal spinocerebellar tract?

A
  • Ia, Ib, and II fiber propriception

- UNCONCIOUS proprioception

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38
Q

Where does the ventral spinocerebellar tract originate?

A
  • Laminae 5 - 7 of L3 - L5 (Spinal border cells)
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39
Q

Do the fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract cross?

A

They double cross (in the spinal cord and cerebellum??), and end up on the same side

40
Q

Where do the primary fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract synapse on their nuclei?

A
  • L1 - S5
41
Q

Where are fibers from the ventral spinocerebellar tract found in the spinal cord?

A
  • Throughout the spinal cord
42
Q

Where do the fibers of the ventral spinocerebellar tract synapse in the upper centers?

A
  • The cerebellum
43
Q

What fibers create the ventral spinocerebellar tracts?

A
  • Ib, FRA from WRF
44
Q

What sensory information travels through the ventral spinocerebellar tracts?

A
  • Unconcious proprioception
  • Movement
  • Posture
45
Q

Where does the cuneocerebellar tract originate?

A
  • The accesory cuneate nucleus (collateral off fasciculus cuneatus)
46
Q

What is the cuneocerebellar tract an analogue to?

A
  • The dorsal spinocerebellar
47
Q

Do the fibers of the cuneocerebellar tract cross?

A

No

48
Q

Where are the fibers found of the cuneocerebellar tract found in the spinal cord?

A
  • They are not present
49
Q

On what structure does the cuneocerebellar tract synapse in the higher centers?

A

The cerebellum

50
Q

What fibers make up the cuneocerebellar tract?

A
  • Ia, Ib, and Grade II
51
Q

What sensation runs through the cuneocerebellar tract?

A
  • Ia, Ib, II proprioception

- Unconcious proprioception

52
Q

Where does the rostrocerebellar tract originate?

A
  • Laminae 7 of C4- C8
53
Q

Do the fibers of the rostrocerebellar tract cross?

A

No

54
Q

Where does the rostrocerebellar tract synapse in the higher centers?

A

On the cerebellum

55
Q

What fibers make up the rostrocerebellar tract?

A

Ib, FRA from WRF

56
Q

What sensory information travels through the rostrocerebellar tract?

A
  • Unconcious proprioception
  • Movement
  • Posture
57
Q

Which tracts location is not currently known?

A

Rostrocerebellar tract

58
Q

How are the funiculi of the dorsal horn arranged?

A
  • Somatotopically arranged

- Sacral to lumbar to thoracic to cervical from medial to lateral

59
Q

Where does the spinoreticular tract originate?

A
  • Posterior horn
60
Q

Do the fibers of the 1st spinoreticular tract cross?

A

No

61
Q

Where are fibers from the spinoreticular tract found in the spinal cord?

A

Throughout

62
Q

What does the spinoreticular tract synapse on in the higher centers? (tract 1 and 2)

A

1: Medulla reticular formation
- Giganto and lateral reticular nucleus
2: Pons reticular formation
- Reticular pontis caudalis

63
Q

What is the function of the 1st spinoreticular tract?

A
  • Unconcious proprioception
64
Q

What is the function of the 2nd spinoreticular tract?

A
  • Maintanence of the state of conscioiusness
65
Q

What is the origin of the spinovestibular tract?

A
  • Dorsal root ganglia
66
Q

Do the fibers of the 2nd spinoreticular tract cross?

A

Yes

67
Q

Do the fibers of the spinovestibular tract cross?

A

Ues

68
Q

What does the spinovenstibular tract synapse on in the higher centers?

A
  • Vestibular nuclei
69
Q

What sensation travels through the spinovestibular tract?

A
  • Ia, Ib, II proprioception

- Unconcious proprioception

70
Q

What is the origin of the spino-olivary tract?

A
  • Dorsal root ganglia
71
Q

Do the fibers of the spino-olivary tract cross?

A

Sometimes

72
Q

Where are the fibers of the spino-olivary tract found?

A

C1 - C8

73
Q

Where do the fibers of the spino-olivary tract synapse in the higher centers?

A
  • Inferior olivary nucleus
74
Q

What sensation travels through the spino-olivary tracts?

A
  • Unconscious proprioception of the neck
75
Q

What is the origin of the spinocortical tract?

A

Unknown

76
Q

Do the fibers of the spinocortical tract cross?

A

No

77
Q

Where are the fibers of the spinocortical tract found in the spinal cord?

A

Throughout

78
Q

Where do the fibers of spinocortical tract synapse in the higher centers?

A

The cerebral cortex

79
Q

What is the origin of the spinocervical tract?

A

Lamina III and IV

80
Q

What is another name for the spinocervical tract?

A
  • Morin’s tract
81
Q

Do the fibers of the spinocervical tract cross?

A

No

82
Q

Where do the fibers of the spinocervical tract synapse in the higher centers?

A

The lateral cervical nucleus

83
Q

What sensation travels through the spinal cervical tract?

A
  • Concious proprioception

- Tactile sensation

84
Q

What are the 6 minor ascending tracts?

A
  • Spinoreticular
  • Spinoreticular
  • Spinovestibular
  • Spino-olivary
  • Spinocortical
  • Spinocervical/ Morin’s
85
Q

What are the 3 interspinal reflex tracts?

A
  • Fasciculus Septomarginalis
  • Fasciculus Interfascicularis
  • Fasciculus Proprius 1
86
Q

Where does the fasciculus septomarginalis orginate from?

A
  • The dorsal root ganglia
87
Q

Do the fibers of the fasciculus septomarginalis cross?

A
  • No
88
Q

Where are the fibers of the fasciculus septomarginalis found?

A

L1 - S5

89
Q

Where do the fibers of the fasciculus septomarginalis, and other interspinal reflex tracts synapse?

A
  • On interneurons

- ACh endplates

90
Q

What sensation travels through the fasciculus septomarginalis, and other interspinal reflex tracts?

A
  • Proprioception interspinal reflexes
91
Q

Where do the fibers of the fasciculus interfascicularis orginate?

A

The dorsal root ganglia

92
Q

Do the fibers of the fasciculus interfascicularis cross?

A

No

93
Q

Where are the fibers of the fasciculus interfascicularis found?

A
  • C1 - T12
94
Q

What type of sensory information travels trhough the fasciculus interfascicularis?

A

Proprioception Interspinal Reflexes

95
Q

Where does the fasciculus proprius 1 originate?

A
  • Dorsal root ganglia

- Laminae III and IV

96
Q

Do the fibers of the fasciculus proprius 1 cross?

A

Probably; not sure

97
Q

Where are the fibers of the fasciculus proprius 1 found in the spinal cord?

A

Throughout

Neuroscience (33 decks)

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