Limbic system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the overreaching function of the limbic system?

A

Assign value to emotions or sensory events

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2
Q

How many layers is the hippocampal formation?

A

3

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers of the hippocampal formation?

A
  • Dentate gyrus
  • Hippocampus proper
  • Subiculum
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4
Q

What is the name of the circuit that predates the modern concept of the limbic system?

A

Papez circuit

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5
Q

What is the papez circuit?

A
  • Cinguate gyrus
  • Hippocampus
  • Fornix
  • Hypothalamus - Mamillary bodies
  • Thalamus
  • Cortex
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6
Q

What is the function of the hippocampal formation?

A
  • Formation of new memories and learning
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7
Q

What results from removal of the hippocampal formation?

A

Anterograde amnesia

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8
Q

What is anterograde amnesia?

A

Profound loss of recent or short-term memory and the ability to learn

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9
Q

What is retrograde amnesia?

A

Loss of memories from before the date of injury

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10
Q

Where is the amygdaloid nucleus located?

A

Deep to the uncus

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11
Q

What is the major afferent modality to the amygdaloid?

A

Smell

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12
Q

What is the major function of the amygdaloid?

A
  • Programs appropriate behavioral/ emotional responses

- Puts affective value on stimuli

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13
Q

What happened in animals when the amygdaloid was stimulated?

A

Became more aggressive

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14
Q

What happening in animals when the amygdala was removed?

A
  • Indifferent to stimuli that would have caused fear or sexual responses
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15
Q

What are the 3 functions of the central nuclei of the amygdala?

A
  • Mediate emotional response
  • Regulate autonomic nervous system
  • Shape responses to emotional stimuli
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16
Q

What nuclei of the amygdala are the major division that attach emotional significance to stimuli?

A
  • Basolateral nuclei
17
Q

What 3 structures do the basolateral nuclei of the amygdala project to?

A
  • Frontal lobe
  • Thalamus
  • Temporal lobe
18
Q

What is the function of the cortical nuclei of the amygdala?

A
  • Perception of smell

- Behavioral link to smell

19
Q

What occurs when the septal region of the amygdala is stimulated in conscious patients?

A

Feelings of:

  • Pleasure
  • Optimism
  • Euphoria
  • Happiness
20
Q

What centers are found in the septal region?

A

Orgasm centers

21
Q

What structure does the septal region of the amygdala connect with in the reward system?

A

hypothalamus

22
Q

What is the main projection of the septal region?

A

Reticular formation of the brain stem

23
Q

What 2 structures does the cingulate gyrus connect?

A

The hippocampus and thalamus

24
Q

What is the function of the anterior cingulate cortex in each of the following anatomic areas:

  • Anterior
  • Posterior
  • Dorsal
  • Ventral
A
  • Anterior: Executive
  • Posterior: Evaluative
  • Dorsal: Cognitive
  • Ventral: Emotional
25
Q

How is the anterior cingulate cortex related to learning?

A
- Helps focus when effort is needed to learn:
Assists in:
- Error detection
- Anticipation of tasks
- Motivation
- Modulation of emotional responses