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Neuroscience > Medulla Pathology > Flashcards

Medulla Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the effect of a lesion of the spinal nucleus of CN V?

A
  • Loss of ipsilateral pain and temperature to the face
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2
Q

What is the effect of a lesion of the motor nucleus of CN XI?

A
  • Ispi lateral LMNS of the SCM and upper traps
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3
Q

What is the effect of a lesion to the pyramidal tracts at above the level of the motor decussation?

A

Contralateral UMN hemiplegia

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4
Q

What is the effect of a lesion to the pyramidal tract in the middle of the motor decussation?

A

Crossed hemiplegia (Between crossing of UE and LE)

  • Ipsilateral arm
  • Contralateral leg
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5
Q

Does the UE or LE cross first at the motor decussation?

A

UE

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6
Q

What is crossed - analgesia?

A
  • CN V and Spinothalamic tract involvement
  • Ipsilateral face pain and temperature
  • Contralateral body pain and temperature
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7
Q

What structures are typically affected in the medulla by an occlusion of the posterior spinal arteries? What is the effect of a lesion?

A
  • The dorsal columns

- Ipsilateral loss of discriminitive sensation/ proprioception

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8
Q

What type of loss occurs with a lesioning of the medial lemniscus in the medulla?

A

Contralateral:

  • Concious proprioception
  • Discriminitive touch
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9
Q

What is the effect of a lesioning of the CN XII nucleus?

A
  • LMN loss of ipsilateral tongue
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10
Q

To which direction will the tongue deviate in a lesioning of CN XII?

A
  • To the affected side
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11
Q

What is alternating hypoglossal hemiplegia?

A
  • LMN of ipsilateral tongue (CN XII)

- UMN of contralateral body (Pyramidal tracts)

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12
Q

What artery is responsible typically for alternating hypoglossal hemiplegia?

A

Anterior spinal artery

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13
Q

What will be the effect of lesioning the spinothalamic tract in the medulla?

A
  • Contralateral loss of pain and temperature to body
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14
Q

What is the effect of a lesioning of the nucleus ambiguus?

A
  • LMN lesion to ipsilateral larynx and pharynx
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15
Q

What are symptoms of a lesion to the nucleus ambiguus?

A
  • Horseness of voice

- Dysarthria

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16
Q

What are 2 clinical tests for nucleus ambiguus lesioning?

A
  • Hold tongue down with depressor, ask patient to say “ahhh”, side that doesn’t rise is lesioned
  • Gag reflex
17
Q

What CN does the “say ‘ahhh’” test assess?

A

CN X

18
Q

What CN does the gag reflex test?

A

CN X and XI

19
Q

What artery supplies the nucleus ambiguus and spinothalamic tract?

A

Vertebral

20
Q

What results from a lesioning/ occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A

Death due to a loss of the vital reflexes

21
Q

What is results from a lesioning/ occlusion of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery?

A
  • Loss of pain + temp to face and contralateral body
  • Loss of gag reflex, dysphagia, hoarseness, dysarthria
  • Ipsilateral loss of coordination
  • Vestibular symptoms such as (nystagmus, nausea, pursuing contralateral moving objects)
  • Horner’s syndrome
  • Ocular lateropulsion
22
Q

What arteries and structures are affected in dorsal medullary syndrome?

A
  • Medial branch of PICA
  • Vestibular nuclei
  • Restiform body/ ICP
23
Q

What are the signs of dorsal medullary syndrome?

A
  • Ipsilateral limb or gait ataxia

- Vertigo, vomiting, and ipsilateral gaze-evoke nystagmus

24
Q

What is bulbar palsy?

A

LMN of any of the cranial nerves

25
Q

What causes pseudobulbar palsy?

A

Bilateral dysfunction of:

  • Corticobulbar fibers
  • Corticoreticulobulbar fibers
  • Above the pons
26
Q

What are the signs of pseudobulbar palsy?

A
  • UMNL of cranial nerves

- Inappropriate outbursts of laughter and crying

27
Q

What structures and artery are involved in medial medullary syndrome?

A
  • Anterior spinal artery
  • Medial lemniscus
  • Pyramid
  • Rootlets of CN XII
28
Q

What nerve innervates taste in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A
  • CN VII
29
Q

What nerve innervates taste in the posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

A
  • CN IX
30
Q

What nerve provides GVA information from the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A
  • CN IX
31
Q

What nerve provides GVA information for the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A
  • CN V
32
Q

What nervous systems are CN V and CN VII related to?

A

Parasympathetic

33
Q

What is the GVE portion of the CN IX and CN VII?

A
  • Parotid gland (IX)

- Glands in mouth

34
Q

What is the SVE component of CN IX?

A
  • Motor innervation of pharynx and larynx
35
Q

What nucleus uses CN VII to innervate the glands of the mouth (submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal, etc.)?

A
  • Superior salivatory nucleus
36
Q

What CN does the inferior salivatory nucleus use for its GVE component? What glands does it innervate?

A
  • Use CN IX

- Parotid gland

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