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Neuroscience > Olfactory System > Flashcards

Olfactory System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the path of the Olfactory nervous network from the mucosa cells in the nose and mouth to the cortex.

A
  • Olfactory receptor cells (chemoreceptors) in mucosa
  • Project to form olfactory fila
  • Pass through ethmoid bone
  • Collect into olfactory bulb on the inside on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe
  • Projections from bulb form olifactory tract
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2
Q

What type of cells are the olfactory receptor cells?

A

Chemoreceptors

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3
Q

What are the 2nd order cells found in the olfactory bulb called?

A

Mitral cells

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4
Q

What is the principal central projection pathway for the olfactory system?

A
  • Lateral olfactory tract
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5
Q

What do the fibers of the lateral olfactory tract project to?

A
  • Primary olfactory cortex (amygdala nad parahippocampal gyrus)
  • Amygdala
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6
Q

Where do the fibers not included in the lateral olfactory tract project to?

A

The anterior olfactory nucleus

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7
Q

What is the path from the olfactory tract to the anterior olfactory nucleus?

A

Fibers project back through the olfactory tracts to both bulbs, with some fibers crossing in the anterior commisure

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8
Q

Where does the olfactory information from the primary olfactory cortex and amygdala project to?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Limbic structures
  • Thalamus
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9
Q

How is the hypothalamus related to smell?

A

Connects smell to the autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

What limbic structures receive smell information?

A
  • Hippocampus

- Rest of amygdala

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11
Q

What portion of the neocortex is related to olfaction?

A

Orbital cortex

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12
Q

What 2 functions related to smell does the Orbital cortex perform?

A
  • Discriminates and identifies food odors

- Perceives taste and flavor

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13
Q

What nucleus of the thalamus does the orbital cortex project to?

A

Dorsomedial nucleus

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14
Q

Why does smell have an effect on memory?

A

Orbital cortex projects to hippocampus

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15
Q

What portion of the temporal lobe in the olifactory lobe?

A

Rostral portion

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16
Q

What is the loss of the ability to smell?

A

Anosmia

17
Q

What is distortion of the usual sense of smell?

A

Parosmia

18
Q

What is the loss of taste sensation?

A

Ageusia

19
Q

What types of deficits typically resut from head injuries or neurodegenerative disease?

A

Sensorineural olfactory deficits

20
Q

Why is smell a useful diagnostic tool for tumors growing on the base of the skull?

A

Tumors growing on the orbital surface of the frontal lobe can become large before affecting any other sensation besides smell

21
Q

What type of deficits prevent the process of odorants reaching the olfactory epithelium?

A

Conductive olfactory deficit

22
Q

What can cause conductive olfactory deficits?

A
  • Nasal polyps
  • Septal deviations
  • Inflammation
23
Q

What area of the cortex may be involved in seizures following an unpleasant illusion of smell or taste?

A

The uncus

24
Q

What motor phenomena may result from uncinate seizures?

A
  • Smacking of the lips

- Chewing movements

25
Q

What cognitive changes can occur in uncinate seizures?

A
  • Dreamy states

- Deja vu

26
Q

What cranial nerves carry taste sensation?

A

CN VII: Anterior 2/3rds

CN IX: Posterior 1/3rd

27
Q

What portion of the thalamus receives taste projections?

A

Ventroposterior medial nucleus

28
Q

What is the primary taste cortex?

A

Insula

29
Q

What is the secondary taste cortex?

A

Oribtofrontal cortex

30
Q

What does the ventroposterior medial nucleus project to first? Second?

A
  • S1 to localize taste on tongue
  • Insula
    Secondary: Orbitofrontal cortex
31
Q

What 2 structures provide a feeding role to the taste pathways?

A

Lateral hypothalamus

Amygdala

32
Q

What other centers can project to the frontal lobe in a similar fashion to smell?

A

Vision

33
Q

What nucleus in the brain stem receives taste projections?

A

The solitary nucleus

34
Q

How is the OFC related to behavior?

A

Taste is tied to the reward system

35
Q

What is unique about the how the olfactory system and the cortex?

A

Connects directly to the cortex

36
Q

What types of chemicals is smell intended to detect?

A

Violatile chemicals

37
Q

What tissue are the olfactory receptor cells found in?

A

Olfactory epithelium

Neuroscience (33 decks)

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