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Neuroscience > Reticular Formation > Flashcards

Reticular Formation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the reticular formation?

A

Continuous network of nerve cells and fibers that extend through the neuroaxis from the SC to the cerebral cortex
- Acts like a fish net that catches collaterals from every ascending or descending system

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2
Q

What are the 7 general functions of the reticular formation?

A
  • Control of skeletal muscle
  • Control of somatic/ visceral sensation
  • Cortical activation
  • Control of ANS
  • Control of Endocrine Nervous System with Hypothalamus
  • Sleep
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3
Q

What are the 3 portions of the non-cerebellar reticular formation?

A
  • Median longitudinal column
  • Medial longitudinal column
  • Lateral longitudinal column
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4
Q

What nuclei are found in the median longitudinal columns?

A

Raphe nuclei

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5
Q

What is the function of the median longtudinal column?

A

Pain/ motor modulation

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6
Q

What is the size of the median longitudinal column?

A

Intermediate size

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7
Q

What is the function of the medial longitudinal column?

A

Efferent system

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8
Q

What is the size of the medial longitudinal column?

A

Large (gigantocellular)

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9
Q

What is the size of the lateral column?

A

Small (parvocellular)

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10
Q

What is the function of the lateral longitudinal column?

A

Afferent system

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11
Q

What are the 3 pre-cerebellar longitudinal columns?

A
  • Pontine reticulotegmental
  • Paramedian reticular
  • Lateral reticular
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12
Q

What is the function of serotonin?

A
  • Mood (happiness, well being)
  • Pain modulation
  • Aggression
  • Memory processing
  • Sleep
  • Cognition
  • Food intake
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13
Q

Is serotonin a neurotransmitter?

A

No

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14
Q

Where is serotonin found in the reticular formation?

A
  • Median area of reticular formation

- Dorsal and median raphe nuclei

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15
Q

What are the 5 functions of dopamine?

A
  • Reward/ motivation
  • Pleasure/ euphoria
  • Motor funciton/ fine tuning
  • Compulsion
  • Preservation
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16
Q

In what 2 areas is dopamine found?

A
  • Substantia nigra

- Ventral tegmental area

17
Q

What is the function of the substantia nigra?

A

Facillitate voluntary movement

18
Q

What is the function of the ventral tegmental area?

A

Reward systems

- Reinforces adaptive behaviors

19
Q

Where is norepinephrine found in the reticular formation?

A
  • LOCUS COERULEUS

- Pontine and medullary groups

20
Q

What is the function of norepinephrine?

A

Regulates:

  • Attention
  • Arousal
  • Sleep wake cycles
  • Learning
  • Memory
  • Anxiety
  • Pain
  • Mood
  • Brain metabolism
21
Q

What type of stimuli activates norepinephrine?

A

Unexpected, non-painful sensory stimuli

22
Q

What may result from an excess of norepinephrine?

A

Anxiety

23
Q

What may result from a deficiency of norepinephrine?

A

Depression

24
Q

What are the 3 major contributers to a balanced mood from the 3 neurochemicals involved in the reticular formation?

A

Dopamine: Alterness
Norepinephrine: Concentration
Serotonin: Satisfaction

25
Q

What results from a combination of dopamine and serotonin?

A

Appetite

26
Q

What results from a combination of dopamine and norepinephrine?

A

Attention

27
Q

What results from a combination of serotonin and norepinephrine?

A

Intuition

28
Q

What are the 2 types of ACh receptors?

A

Iontotrophic/ Nicotinic

Metabotropic/ Muscarinic

29
Q

What 2 nuclei groups make up the basal forebrain complex?

A
  • Medial septal nuclei

- Basal nuclei of Meynert

30
Q

What does the basal forebrain complex supply?

A

The neocortex

31
Q

What nuclei are found within the pontomesencephalotegmental complex?

A

Pedunculopontine nuclei

32
Q

What do the pedunclopontine nuclei act on?

A

The dorsal thalamus (sets the threshold)

33
Q

What is the role of ACh in the reticular formation?

A
  • Regulation of excitability of sensory relay neurons and ARAS (acts as gatekeeper)
  • Maintain attention
  • Promotes REM sleep
34
Q

What is the function of histamine in the reticular formation?

A
  • Arousal
  • Anxiety
  • Activation of sympathetic nervous system
  • Stress related release of hormones from pituitary
  • Stress related release of central aminergic neurotransmitters
  • Antinociception
  • Water retention
  • Supression of eating
35
Q

What is the MAIN role of histamine in the reticular formation?

A

Controls the 3 other neurochemicals

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