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Neuroscience > Medulla Anatomy > Flashcards

Medulla Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Why is meant by the closed medulla?

A

The medulla below the opening of the 4th ventricle.

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2
Q

What structure becomes the 4th ventricle?

A

The spinal canal.

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3
Q

Which direction does the spinal canal migrate to become the 4th ventricle?

A

Dorsally.

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4
Q

Which portion of the medulla is referred to as the “true” medulla?

A

The open medulla

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5
Q

What does the (non-horn) gray matter of the spinal cord become in the medulla?

A

The reticular formation

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6
Q

Is the motor decussation found in the upper or lower closed medulla?

A

Lower

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7
Q

Is the sensory decussation found in the upper or lower closed medulla?

A

Upper

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8
Q

What cranial nerve motor nucleus is found in the lower closed medulla?

A

Cranial nerve XI.

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9
Q

What fibers make up the pyramids found in the medulla?

A

Corticospinal fibers

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10
Q

What portion of the corticospinal fibers cross in the medulla?

A

85 %

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11
Q

Where are the 15% of corticospinal fibers that do not cross found?

A

In anterior funiculus

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12
Q

Where do the cranial nerve XI fibers exit the medulla?

A

Through the ventral horn

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13
Q

Do the CN XI fibers ascend or descend after leaving the medulla?

A

Ascend

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14
Q

What spinal region contributes fibers to CN XI?

A

The upper C-region

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15
Q

What sulcus disappears in the lower closed medulla?

A

The ventral median sulcus

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16
Q

What muscles are supplied by CN XI?

A

SCM

Upper trapezius

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17
Q

What cranial nerve sensory nucleus is found in the lower closed medulla?

A

Spinal nucleus of CN V.

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18
Q

What sensory information is sent to the spinal nucleus of CN V?

A

Pain and temperature of the face.

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19
Q

What nuclei are found in the upper closed medulla?

A
  • Nucleus gracilis

- Nucleus cuneatus

20
Q

What do the crossing fibers of the NG and NC form?

A

The medial lemniscus

21
Q

What are the crossing fibers of the NG and NC called individually?

A

Internal arcuate fibers

22
Q

Do the fibers of the lower extremity (sensory or motor) cross rostrally or caudally in the medulla?

A

LE cross more caudually

23
Q

Do the fibers of the upper extremity (sensory or motor) cross rostrally or caudally in the medulla?

A

UE cross more rostrally.

24
Q

What is the somato-topical arrangement of the medial lemniscus?

A

From anterior –> posterior

Sacral –> Cervical

25
Q

What 4 nuclei are begin at/ are unique to the open medulla?

A
  • CN XII nuclei
  • CN X motor nucleus
  • Solitary Nucleus/ Nucleus of Tractus Solitarii
  • Nucleus Ambiguus
26
Q

What nucleus continues from the closed medulla into the open medulla?

A
  • Spinal Nucleus of CN V
27
Q

What tract begins at the level of open medulla?

A
  • Inferior cerebella peduncle
28
Q

What is the path of CN XII’s fibers from its nucleus in the open medulla to the tongue?

A
  • Travels ventrally and exits medulal between pyramids and olive
  • Ascends upwards
  • Enters tongue
29
Q

To which side will a tongue deviate when protracted in a unilateral CN XII lesion?

A

To the lesioned side

30
Q

How do the fibers of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve exit the open medulla?

A

Laterally, with a ventral orientation

31
Q

What autonomic nervous system makes up the dorsal motor nucleus of CN X?

A

Parasympathetic NS

32
Q

What structures are innervated by the motor elements of CN X?

A
  • Neck and below, except for lower GI
33
Q

What 3 cranial nerves make up the cell column of the nucleus ambiguus?

A

9
10
11

34
Q

How are the cranial nerves oriented in the nucleus ambiguus from superior to inferior? (dorsal to ventral???)

A

9
10
11

35
Q

What structures are innervated by the efferent fibers of the nucleus ambiguus?

A
  • Pharynx

- Larynx

36
Q

What symptoms result from a lesion to the nucleus ambiguus?

A
  • Dysarthria

- Dysphagia

37
Q

What 3 cranial nerves make up the cell column of the solitary nucleus?

A

7
9
10

38
Q

What information is processed by the lower half of the solitary nucleus?

A
  • General visceral afferent information from the neck and body wall
39
Q

What information is processed by the upper half of the solitary nucleus?

A

VII: Anterior 2/3rds of tongue (SVA/ Taste)
IX: Posterior 1/3rds of tongue (SVA/ Taste)
X: Afferent information of oropharynx

40
Q

What 3 nuclei at the level of the open medulla are involved with fibers of CN X?

A
  • Solitary nucleus
  • Nucleus Ambiguus
  • Dorsal motor nucleus of CN X
41
Q

What 3 nuclei are found in the transitional area between the medulla and pons?

A
  • Vestibular nuclei
  • Cochlear nuclei
  • Accessory Cuneate Nucleus
42
Q

What CN projects to the cochlear and vestibular nuclei? From what orientation does it enter the brain stem?

A
  • CN VIII

- Enters laterally

43
Q

What is the function of the vestibular nuclei?

A

Communicate with the vestibular apparatus in the inner ear

44
Q

What component of CN VIII projects to the vestibular and cochlear nuclei?

A

Special somatic afferent

45
Q

What tract originates at the accessory cuneate nucleus?

A

Cuneocerebellar tract

46
Q

What structure communicates the medulla to the cerebellum in the transitional area between the pons and medulla?

A

The inferior cerebellar peduncle

47
Q

What effect will a lesion to the ICP at the transitional area have on an individual?

A

Pt will lose proprioception of the body and face

Neuroscience (33 decks)

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