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Neuroscience > Midbrain (OMG) > Flashcards

Midbrain (OMG) Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles of the eye are supplied by CN IV?

A

Superior oblique

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2
Q

What muscles of the eye are supplied by CN III?

A
  • Superior rectus
  • Medial rectus
  • Inferior rectus
  • Inferior oblique
  • Levator palpebrae superioris
  • Lens and iris supplied by Ciliary ganglion
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3
Q

What muscles of the eye are supplied by CN VI?

A

Lateral rectus

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4
Q

Describe the light reflex.

A
  • Photons activate OPTIC NERVE, which synapses on OLIVARY PRETECTAL NUCLEUS
  • Activates parasympathetic component of CN III in EDINGER-WESTPHAL NUCLEUS
  • Activates ciliary and constrictor pupilae muscles
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5
Q

Describe the blink reflex.

A
  • Trigeminal nerve stimulated through mechanical receptors in eye
  • Trigeminal senosry nucleus inhibits oculomotor nerve/ levator paplebrae superiorius muscle
  • Stimulates facial nerve to contract orbicularis oculi
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6
Q

What muscles of the eye are activated by the sympathetic nervous system?

A

Tarsal muscles

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7
Q

What arteries off of the basilar artery supply the midlebrain?

A

Posterior cerebellar artery:

  • Quadrigeminal
  • Superior cerebellar artery
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8
Q

What structures are affected in Benedikt syndrome?

A
  • CN III nucleus
  • Red nucleus
  • Corticospinals

In tegementum of midbrain/ cerebellum (median zone)

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9
Q

What artery is typically affected in Benedikt syndrome?

A
  • Posterior cerebral artery
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10
Q

What are 3 symptoms of Benedikt syndrome?

A
  • Drooping eyelid
  • Dilated, nonresponsive pupil
  • Contralateral tremor
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11
Q

What structures are affected in Weber syndrome?

A
  • Substantia nigra
  • Corticospinals/ corticobulbar
  • Oculomotor nerve fibers
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12
Q

What are 4 symptoms of Weber syndrome?

A
  • Deviation of eye downward and outward
  • Drooping eyelid
  • Dilated, nonresponsive pupil
  • Contralateral UMN paralysis
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13
Q

What structure is affected in Oculomotor nerve palsy?

A

Oculomotor nerve rootlet

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14
Q

What are the 3 symptoms of Oculomotor nerve palsy?

A
  • Deviation of eye downward and outward
  • Drooping eyelid
  • Dilated, non responsive pupil
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15
Q

What is Claude’s syndrome?

A
  • Weber’s syndrome (SN, CS, CB, CN III) +
  • Red nucleus
  • Cerebellothalamic fibers
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16
Q

What are symptoms of Claude’s syndrome?

A
  • Deviation of eye downward and outward
  • Drooping eyelid
  • Dilated, nonresponsive pupil
  • Contralateral UMN paralysis
  • Contralateral tremor
  • Ataxia
17
Q

What is Parinaud’s syndrome?

A

Lesion of posterior tegmentum

18
Q

What is the symptom of Parinaud’s syndrome?

A

Conjugate upward gaze

19
Q

How is the position of the eye affected in Trochlear Nerve Pathology when the eye is:

  • Looking straight ahead?
  • Looking towards the side of the lesion?
  • Looking down?
  • Head tilted toward the affected side?
A

Straight ahead: Contralateral eye elevated due to lack of balance of superior rectus
Toward side of lesion: Contralateral eye elevated due to lack of counter balance to superior rectus
Down: Can’t be depressed below midline
Head til: Eliminates diplopia

20
Q

What is the term for patients with trochlear nerve lesions correct their vision by tilting their head toward the affected side?

A

Bielschowsky’s Head Tilt Test

21
Q

What is Argyll-Roberston Pupil?

A
  • Pupil reacts to accommodation/ convergance, but not light

- Pupil is a fixed size, but contracts with accommodation

22
Q

What structure degenerates in Adie’s pupil?

A
  • Ciliary ganglia or post ganlionic parasympathetic fibers
23
Q

What reflex is decreased/ absent in Adie’s pupil?

A
  • Light reflex
24
Q

How is the pupil affected in Adie’s pupil?

A
  • Delayed contraction to near vision

- Delayed dilation in dark

25
Q

Describe the Decerebate position? What is lesioned?

A
  • Lesion below red nucleus
  • UE extended
  • LE extended
26
Q

Describe the decorticate position. What is lesioned?

A
  • CS tract lesioned
  • UE flexed
  • LE extended

Neuroscience (33 decks)

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