Soft tissue knee injuries

Question 1

What is the function of the menisci?

Answer 1

They distribute load from convex femoral condyles to the relatively flat tibial articular surfaces

Question 2

The knee pivots on the ______ compartment through flexion and extension, meaning that there is more shear stress on the _____ meniscus

Answer 2

medial

medial

Question 3

The medial collateral ligment resists ______ (______-facing) stress

Answer 3

valgus stress (inward-facing)

Question 4

Lateral collateral ligament resists ______ (_____-facing) stress at the knee

Answer 4

varus (outward-facing) stress

Question 5

ACL reists _____ subluxation of the tibia and ______ rotation of the tibia in extension

Answer 5

anterior subluxation

internal rotation

Question 6

PCL resists ______ subluxation of the tibia

Answer 6

posterior subluxation

Question 7

Tears in the lateral collateral ligament tend to heal easily; surgery is not usually required. (T/F)

Answer 7

False

lateral collateral ligament tears do NOT heal
-only fixed by surgery

Question 8

What ligament is commonly damaged in association with ACL rupture?

Answer 8

menisci

Question 9

______ meniscal tears are more common

Answer 9

medial

Question 10

Why do meniscal tears (especially radial tears) tend to heal poorly?

Answer 10

Menisci are poorly vascularised - only peripheral 1/3 has blood supply
-radial tears tend not to heal

Question 11

What ligament is commonly damaged when getting up from the squatting position?

Answer 11

menisci

Question 12

What type of meniscal damage presents with acute locked knee?

Answer 12

Bucket handle tear

Question 13

Medial collateral ligment damage usually requires surgery (T/F)

Answer 13

False

-brace the knee, early movement and physio

Question 14

What surgical options are available for ACL damage?

Answer 14

Reconstruction only:

• from patellar/hamstring tendon (Autograft)
• achilles from a donor (Allograft)
• Synthetic graft

Question 15

___ rupture can cause varus and rotatory instability

Answer 15

LCL (lateral collateral ligament)

Question 16

What is a common injury mechanism for PCL rupture?

Answer 16

direct blow to anterior tibia (dashboard)

Question 17

What cutaneous sign is commonly present in PCL injury?

Answer 17

popliteal bruising

Question 18

______ ______ or ______ _______ can both cause patellar dislocation

Answer 18

rapid turn or direct blow

Question 19

What is the common mechanism of Extensor mechanism rupture?

Answer 19

Falling onto a flexed knee with contracted quads

Question 20

Haemarthorisis causes acute swelling and pain. It is common in _____ _____ or ______

Answer 20

ACL rupture

fracture