lower limb anatomy

Question 1

What are the six regions of the lower limb?

Answer 1

gluteal
femoral
knee
leg
ankle
foot

Question 2

What are the 4 muscles present in the superficial group of the gluteal region?

Answer 2

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae

Question 3

The inferior gluteal nerve innervates the ____ _____. All other muscles in the superficial gluteal group are supplied by the ____ ____

Answer 3

gluteus maximus

superior gluteal nerve

Question 4

What are the muscles of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region?

Answer 4

Good QOP

Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
Obiturator interius
Piriformis

Question 5

What are the functions of the superficial gluteal muscle group?

Answer 5

Extension, abduction and medial rotation of the thigh.

Question 6

What is the Trendelenburg Gait?

Answer 6

Abnormal gait caused by weakness of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
-poor abduction of the thigh at the hip

Question 7

What can be a cause of the Trendelenburg Gait?

Answer 7

lesion of the superior gluteal nerve

Question 8

What are the functions of the deep gluteal muscle group?

Answer 8

1. Lateral rotation of the thigh

2. Stabilisation of the hip

Question 9

What is the source of innervation of the gluteal deep muscle group?

Answer 9

Sacral plexus

Question 10

Into which quarter of the gluteal region are IM injections made? Why?

Answer 10

Upper lateral quarter

-to avoid sciatic nerve

Question 11

What ligaments form the greater sciatic foramen and the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 11

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

Question 12

What does the Sciatic nerve supply?

Answer 12

• posterior thigh
• all leg and foot muscles
• most of the skin

Question 13

What is the spinal level of the Sciatic nerve?

Answer 13

L4-S3

Question 14

The pudendal nerve supplies the perineum (T/F)

Answer 14

True

Question 15

The spinal level of the pudendal nerve is __-__

Answer 15

S2-S4

Question 16

What is the spinal level of the Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh?

Answer 16

S1-S3

Question 17

The sciatic nerve passes through the greater/lesser sciatic foramen.

Answer 17

greater sciatic foramen

Question 18

The sciatic nerve supplies all muscles in the gluteal region (T/F)

Answer 18

False

-supplies nothing in gluteal region

Question 19

What branches does the sciatic nerve divide into in the distal thigh?

Answer 19

• tibial nerve

- common fibular nerve

Question 20

What are the contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)?

Answer 20

NAVY
femoral Nerve
femoral Artery
femoral Vein
             lYmphatics

Question 21

What are the boundaries of the Femoral triangle?

Answer 21

Superior - inguinal ligament

Medially - lateral border of adductus longus

Laterally- medial border of sartorius

Floor - iliopsoas and pectineus

Roof - deep fascia

Question 22

What is Compartment syndrome?

Answer 22

Increased pressure within muscle and fascia compartments of the lower limb.

Question 23

What is the treatment of acute compartment syndrome?

Answer 23

Fasciotomy

Question 24

How many muscle compartments are there in the thigh? What are they?

Answer 24

3

anterior, medial and posterior compartments

Question 25

There are _ compartments in the leg. What are they?

Answer 25

3 | anterior, posterior and lateral compartments

Question 26

What movements are carried out by the Anterior compartment of Thigh muscles? What are the muscles?

Answer 26

- flexion of the thigh - extension of leg 1. Iliopsoas 2. Sartorius 3. Quadriceps femoris

Question 27

What is the nerve supply of the Anterior compartment of Thigh?

Answer 27

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4) -also L1, L2, L3 for psoas muscle

Question 28

What is the function of the Medial Compartment of Thigh muscles?

Answer 28

Adduction of thigh

Question 29

What is the nerve supply of the Medial Compartment of Thigh?

Answer 29

Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4) -adductor magnus - tibial nerve

Question 30

What does the Posterior Compartment of Thigh do?

Answer 30

Extends the thigh | Flexes the leg

Question 31

Posterior Compartment of Thigh is supplied by what nerves?

Answer 31

Tibial divison of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 32

What are the functions of the Anterior Compartment of Leg?

Answer 32

Dorsiflexion of ankle | Extension of toes

Question 33

Anterior Compartment of Leg is supplied by...

Answer 33

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

Question 34

What movements does Lateral Compartment of Leg carry out?

Answer 34

Everts foot | Plantarflexion of ankle (weak)

Question 35

The Lateral Compartment of Leg is supplied by ____ ______ nerve.

Answer 35

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 36

What movement is facilitated by the Superficial group of the Posterior Compartment of Leg?

Answer 36

-plantarflexion of ankle

Question 37

What movement is facilitated by the Deep group of the Posterior Compartment of Leg?

Answer 37

- Toe flexion | - plantarflexion of ankle

Question 38

Posterior Compartment of Leg is supplied by the ...

Answer 38

Tibial nerve

Question 39

What type of joint is the Hip joint?

Answer 39

Ball and socket

Question 40

What two bony structures make up the hip joint?

Answer 40

- Head of femur | - Acetabulum of hip

Question 41

What movement occurs at the hip joint?

Answer 41

felxion/extension abduction/adduction medial/lateral rotation circumduction

Question 42

What type of joint is present at the hip?

Answer 42

synovial joint

Question 43

What 3 ligaments are present at the hip joint?

Answer 43

iliofemoral ischiofemoral pubofemoral

Question 44

What arteries supply the femur?

Answer 44

- Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries | - Branch of obturator - artery to head of femur

Question 45

What type of joint is present at the knee?

Answer 45

Hinge joint

Question 46

How many articulations are there at the knee?

Answer 46

3 articulations: - 2 femorotibial - 1 femoropatellar

Question 47

What movement is possible at the knee joint?

Answer 47

Flexion/ extension

Question 48

What are the 3 types of knee joint ligaments?

Answer 48

1. extracapsular 2. intra-articular 3. menisci

Question 49

Name the three extracapsular ligaments at the knee joint.

Answer 49

1. patallar ligament 2. fibular (lateral) collateral ligament 3. tibial (medial) collateral ligament

Question 50

Name the intra-articular knee joint ligaments:

Answer 50

``` Anterior Cruciate (ACL) Posterior Cruciate (PCL) ```

Question 51

Name the two menisci ligaments at the knee:

Answer 51

Medial meniscus | lateral meniscus

Question 52

Ligaments attach bone to muscle (T/F)

Answer 52

False | Ligaments attach bone to bone

Question 53

What is the result of the damage of cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL)?

Answer 53

tibia slides against the femur

Question 54

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 54

- superolaterally - biceps femoris - superomedially - semimembranosus - inferiorly - gastrocnemius - roof - popliteal fascia

Question 55

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 55

- fat - small saphenous vein - popliteal vessels - tibial and common fibular nerves

Question 56

What muscles are attached by the Calcaneal tendon to the Calcaneal tuberosity of the Calcaneous?

Answer 56

Gastrocnemius | Soleus

Question 57

What nerve roots are tested by the Ankle jerk reflex?

Answer 57

S1 and S2 nerve roots -normal reflex results in plantarflexion

Question 58

Where do lymphatics of the lower limb drain?

Answer 58

Inguinal lymph nodes (then, to iliac lymph nodes)

Question 59

In the femoral triangle, the tranversalis and iliopsoas fascia form the ____ ___

Answer 59

femoral sheath

Question 60

____ ____ is the site of femoral hernia formation. It is found ____ to the femoral vein

Answer 60

femoral canal medial