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my MSK > lower limb anatomy > Flashcards

lower limb anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six regions of the lower limb?

A 
gluteal
femoral
knee
leg
ankle
foot
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2
Q

What are the 4 muscles present in the superficial group of the gluteal region?

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimus
tensor fascia latae

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3
Q

The inferior gluteal nerve innervates the ____ _____. All other muscles in the superficial gluteal group are supplied by the ____ ____

A

gluteus maximus

superior gluteal nerve

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4
Q

What are the muscles of the deep muscle group of the gluteal region?

A

Good QOP

Gemelli
Quadratus femoris
Obiturator interius
Piriformis

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5
Q

What are the functions of the superficial gluteal muscle group?

A

Extension, abduction and medial rotation of the thigh.

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6
Q

What is the Trendelenburg Gait?

A

Abnormal gait caused by weakness of gluteus medius and gluteus minimus.
-poor abduction of the thigh at the hip

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7
Q

What can be a cause of the Trendelenburg Gait?

A

lesion of the superior gluteal nerve

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8
Q

What are the functions of the deep gluteal muscle group?

A
  1. Lateral rotation of the thigh

2. Stabilisation of the hip

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9
Q

What is the source of innervation of the gluteal deep muscle group?

A

Sacral plexus

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10
Q

Into which quarter of the gluteal region are IM injections made? Why?

A

Upper lateral quarter

-to avoid sciatic nerve

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11
Q

What ligaments form the greater sciatic foramen and the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

Sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments

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12
Q

What does the Sciatic nerve supply?

A
  • posterior thigh
  • all leg and foot muscles
  • most of the skin
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13
Q

What is the spinal level of the Sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3

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14
Q

The pudendal nerve supplies the perineum (T/F)

A

True

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15
Q

The spinal level of the pudendal nerve is __-__

A

S2-S4

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16
Q

What is the spinal level of the Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh?

A

S1-S3

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17
Q

The sciatic nerve passes through the greater/lesser sciatic foramen.

A

greater sciatic foramen

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18
Q

The sciatic nerve supplies all muscles in the gluteal region (T/F)

A

False

-supplies nothing in gluteal region

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19
Q

What branches does the sciatic nerve divide into in the distal thigh?

A
  • tibial nerve

- common fibular nerve

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20
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial)?

A 
NAVY
femoral Nerve
femoral Artery
femoral Vein
             lYmphatics
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21
Q

What are the boundaries of the Femoral triangle?

A

Superior - inguinal ligament

Medially - lateral border of adductus longus

Laterally- medial border of sartorius

Floor - iliopsoas and pectineus

Roof - deep fascia

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22
Q

What is Compartment syndrome?

A

Increased pressure within muscle and fascia compartments of the lower limb.

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23
Q

What is the treatment of acute compartment syndrome?

A

Fasciotomy

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24
Q

How many muscle compartments are there in the thigh? What are they?

A

3

anterior, medial and posterior compartments

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25
Q

There are _ compartments in the leg. What are they?

A

3

anterior, posterior and lateral compartments

26
Q

What movements are carried out by the Anterior compartment of Thigh muscles? What are the muscles?

A
  • flexion of the thigh
  • extension of leg
  1. Iliopsoas
  2. Sartorius
  3. Quadriceps femoris
27
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Anterior compartment of Thigh?

A

Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)

-also L1, L2, L3 for psoas muscle

28
Q

What is the function of the Medial Compartment of Thigh muscles?

A

Adduction of thigh

29
Q

What is the nerve supply of the Medial Compartment of Thigh?

A

Obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)

-adductor magnus - tibial nerve

30
Q

What does the Posterior Compartment of Thigh do?

A

Extends the thigh

Flexes the leg

31
Q

Posterior Compartment of Thigh is supplied by what nerves?

A

Tibial divison of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

32
Q

What are the functions of the Anterior Compartment of Leg?

A

Dorsiflexion of ankle

Extension of toes

33
Q

Anterior Compartment of Leg is supplied by…

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4, L5)

34
Q

What movements does Lateral Compartment of Leg carry out?

A

Everts foot

Plantarflexion of ankle (weak)

35
Q

The Lateral Compartment of Leg is supplied by ____ ______ nerve.

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5, S1, S2)

36
Q

What movement is facilitated by the Superficial group of the Posterior Compartment of Leg?

A

-plantarflexion of ankle

37
Q

What movement is facilitated by the Deep group of the Posterior Compartment of Leg?

A
  • Toe flexion

- plantarflexion of ankle

38
Q

Posterior Compartment of Leg is supplied by the …

A

Tibial nerve

39
Q

What type of joint is the Hip joint?

A

Ball and socket

40
Q

What two bony structures make up the hip joint?

A
  • Head of femur

- Acetabulum of hip

41
Q

What movement occurs at the hip joint?

A

felxion/extension
abduction/adduction
medial/lateral rotation
circumduction

42
Q

What type of joint is present at the hip?

A

synovial joint

43
Q

What 3 ligaments are present at the hip joint?

A

iliofemoral
ischiofemoral
pubofemoral

44
Q

What arteries supply the femur?

A
  • Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

- Branch of obturator - artery to head of femur

45
Q

What type of joint is present at the knee?

A

Hinge joint

46
Q

How many articulations are there at the knee?

A

3 articulations:

  • 2 femorotibial
  • 1 femoropatellar
47
Q

What movement is possible at the knee joint?

A

Flexion/ extension

48
Q

What are the 3 types of knee joint ligaments?

A
  1. extracapsular
  2. intra-articular
  3. menisci
49
Q

Name the three extracapsular ligaments at the knee joint.

A
  1. patallar ligament
  2. fibular (lateral) collateral ligament
  3. tibial (medial) collateral ligament
50
Q

Name the intra-articular knee joint ligaments:

A 
Anterior Cruciate (ACL)
Posterior Cruciate (PCL)
51
Q

Name the two menisci ligaments at the knee:

A

Medial meniscus

lateral meniscus

52
Q

Ligaments attach bone to muscle (T/F)

A

False

Ligaments attach bone to bone

53
Q

What is the result of the damage of cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL)?

A

tibia slides against the femur

54
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • superolaterally - biceps femoris
  • superomedially - semimembranosus
  • inferiorly - gastrocnemius
  • roof - popliteal fascia
55
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

A
  • fat
  • small saphenous vein
  • popliteal vessels
  • tibial and common fibular nerves
56
Q

What muscles are attached by the Calcaneal tendon to the Calcaneal tuberosity of the Calcaneous?

A

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

57
Q

What nerve roots are tested by the Ankle jerk reflex?

A

S1 and S2 nerve roots

-normal reflex results in plantarflexion

58
Q

Where do lymphatics of the lower limb drain?

A

Inguinal lymph nodes (then, to iliac lymph nodes)

59
Q

In the femoral triangle, the tranversalis and iliopsoas fascia form the ____ ___

A

femoral sheath

60
Q

____ ____ is the site of femoral hernia formation. It is found ____ to the femoral vein

A

femoral canal

medial

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