Cortext: bone tumours

Question 1

The most common benign bone tumour is…

Answer 1

osteochondroma

Question 2

What are the pathological features of osteochondroma?

Answer 2

• A bony outgrwoth on the external bone surface

- Covered with a cartilaginous cap

Question 3

What is the most common site of osteochondroma formation?

Answer 3

Around the knee

-epiphyses of long bones

Question 4

Osteochondromas usually progress to malignancy (T/F)

Answer 4

False

-Very small risk of malignancy

Question 5

Enchondromas are benign cartilaginous tumours. Where do they usually occur?

Answer 5

Metaphyses of small tubular bones of hands and feet

Question 6

How are bone cysts treated?

Answer 6

Curettage and bone grafting

Question 7

Multi-nucleate giant cells on histology, translocation between Chromosome 1 and 2 and ‘soap bubble’ appearance on X-ray describes…

Answer 7

Giant cell tumour of bone

Question 8

Where do giant cell tumours tend to occur?

Answer 8

Epiphysis

-around the knee and in distal radius

Question 9

What is the cause of fibrous dysplasia? When does it present?

Answer 9

Genetic mutation (GPCR signalling) causing lesions of fibrous tissue and immature bone.

Adolesence

Question 10

Fibrous dysplasia can be monostotic (one bone) or polystotic (multiple bones). Monostotic fibrous dysplasia is associated with endocrine disorders (T/F)

Answer 10

False

Endocrine disorders occur in Polystotic disease

Question 11

The pathology of osteoid osteoma is a small nidus of _______ _____ surrounded by a _____ halo.

Answer 11

immature bone

sclerotic halo

Question 12

Intense pain caused by osteoid osteoma is relieved by ______

Answer 12

NSAIDs

Question 13

What is the most common malignant bone tumour?

Answer 13

Osteosarcoma

Question 14

Osteosarcoma is usually caused by mutations in the ____ ____ _______ gene. 60% cases affect bones around the ____

Answer 14

tumour suppressor Retinoblastoma

knee

Question 15

Chondrosacrcoma is a primary bone tumour producing _______. It tends to occur in the _____ and proximal _____.

Answer 15

cartilage

pelvis, humerus

Question 16

What tumour is associated with the t11:22 chromosomal translocation?

Answer 16

Ewing’s sarcoma

Question 17

What is the treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 17

• Surgery
• adjuvant therapy
• joint replacement

Question 18

What malignant tumours tend to metastasise to bone?

Answer 18

Carcinoma of:
breast
prostate
lung
kidney
thyroid