biochemical disorders of bone Flashcards
A disorder characterised by reduced bone density and increased porosity describes…
osteoporosis
What is osteopenia?
Intermediate stage of lowered bone density
What are the two types of osteoporosis?
Type 1: post-menopausal osteoporosis
Type 2: Osteoporosis of old age
What is the diagnostic test for osteoporosis?
DEXA bone scan
-measures bone mineral density
What is the first-line treatment used in osteoporosis to prevent fragility fractures?
Bisphosphonates (reduce osteoclastic activity)
Also:
- Calcium and vitamin D supplements
- Denosumab (monoclonal antibodies)
- HRT
- Strontium
What is the risk associated with the HRT use?
increased breast and endomterial cancers
DVT
A bone defect with abnormal softening due to deficient mineralization of osteoid, secondary to insufficient calcium and phosphorus describes ________
osteomalacia
Osteomalacia in children is________
rickets
What is the presentation of osteomalacia / rickets?
Bone deformities and pain
What is the treatment for osteomalacia?
Vitamin D therapy with calcium and phosphate supplementation
What is the most common cause of overactivity of parathyroid glands in primary hyperparathyroidism?
Benign ademona or hyperplasiaof the parathyraoid glands
-excess PTH (parathyroid hormone) is produced
Excess PTH (parathyroid hormone) causes hypocalcaemia (T/F)
False
hypercalcaemia
What is the cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Physiological overproduction of parathyroid hormone.
-due to Vitamin D deficiency or chronic kidney disease
What patient group is most commonly affected by Paget’s disease?
the elderly
>55yo
__ is raised in Paget’s disease
ALP
