Fracture management Flashcards
What are the components of long bones?
Diaphysis - shaft
Metaphysis - beside and around growth plate
Epiphysis - growth plate
What is the progression in secondary bone healing?
- Haematoma - gap fills with granulation tissue
- Soft callus - filled in by cartilage
- Bone - hard callus (enchondral ossification)
- Remodelling
When is traction used for fracture management?
In children and adults unsuitable for surgery
Why is it essential to reduce and internally fix a displaced intra-articular fracture?
To prevent post-traumatic OA
How can a femoral shaft fracture cause Acute respiratory distress syndrome?
Fatty globules from bone marrow enter venous circulation and travel to the lungs
What patients can be managed with a Thomas splint for a femoral shaft fracture?
Young children
What can be done for a fracture which cannot be operated on due to extensive soft tissue injury and swelling?
External fixation
Internal fixation is the preferred management option of proximal humeral fractures (T/F)
False
-operative and conservative management both have poor outcomes and result in stiffness
Most humeral shaft fractures are managed non-operatively (fixation) (T/F)
True
Olecranon (Ulna) fractures tend to be ________ fractures from triceps contraction
avulsion
What is Galeazzi fracture?
Radial fracture with dislocation of distal Radio-ulnar joint
What is Monteggia fracture?
Ulnar fracture with dislocation of the radial head
What complications can arise from Distal radius fracture?
Median nerve compression
Extensor pollicis longus rupture
Loss of grip strength
What is the common mechanism of distal radius fracture (collie’s farcture)?
FOOSH
falling on outstretched hand
In Collie’s fracture, the radius is displaced in the_______ direction
dorsal
Smith’s fracture is a distal radius fracture which results in it displacing in the _____ direction
volar (anterior)
What nerve is commonly damaged in humeral shaft fracture? What is the clinical sign?
Radial nerve
Wrist drop
What nerve is commonly affected in anterior shoulder displacement? What is the clincal sign?
Axillary nerve
badge patch numbness
Neuropaxia is __ degree nerve injury. There is a temporary ______ ________ associated with demyelination. It should resove within a _____
1st degree
temporary conduction block
month
Axonotmesis is __ degree nerve damage. What happens to the nerve cell axon?
2nd degree injury
Axon dies distal to point of injury
-regenerates 1mm/day
Neurotmesis is a __ degree nerve injury. The nerve is _____ and requires ______
3rd degree
cut
surgery
