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pain Flashcards

1
Q

Define pain.

A

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, associated with acute tissue damage or described in terms of such damage.

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2
Q

What is the source of nociceptive pain?

A

Direct insult to tissue

-thermal, mechanical, chemical

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3
Q

Nociceptors are ____polar neurons

A

pseudo-unipolar

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4
Q

Nociceptive pain initiates the _____ reflex

A

withdrawal

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5
Q

Hypersensitisation

and allodynia results from nociceptive pain (T/F)

A

False

Inflammatory pain

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6
Q

What is the purpose of inflammatory pain?

A

Assists healing of damaged tissue

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7
Q

What are the 2 types of pathological pain?

A

neuropathic pain

dysfunctional pain

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8
Q

Damage to peripheral neurone causes _____ pain

A

neuropathic pain

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9
Q

Abnormal processing of sensory input in the CNS results in _____ pain

A

dysfunctional

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10
Q

What are the subtypes of nociceptor neurons?

A

A-delta-fibres

C-fibres

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11
Q

_____ are mechanical/thermal nociceptors. They mediate fast pain.

A

A-delta fibres

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12
Q

_____ are unmyelinated

A

C-fibres

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13
Q

These fibres respond to all noxious stimuli - they are polymodal.

A

C-fibres

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14
Q

Burning, throbbing, cramping and aching is mediated by ____ fibres

A

C-fibres (polymodal)

-poorly localised

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15
Q

Stabbing, pricking, lancinating pain are mediated by…

A

A-delta-fibres

-precisely localised

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16
Q

What is the temperature threshold recognised by A-delta Type I fibres?

A

53oC

17
Q

A-delta Type II fibres are activated at ___oC

A

43oC

18
Q

What are the mechanisms contributing to hyperalgesia and allodenia induced by C-fibres?

A
  1. Increased excitability of secondary neurons

2. Neurogenic Inflammation: release of pro-inflammatory mediators at peripheral terminal of C-fibres (substance P, CGRP)

19
Q

What does substance P do in tissue?

A

Induces inflammation

-vasodilatation, mast cell degranulation, nociceptor sensitization

20
Q

Stimuli in the nociceptive nerve terminal induce a _______ _______by opening ion channels. This is proportional to stimulus intensity.

A

Generator Potential

21
Q

The frequency of action potentials is at the nociceptive neurone is proportional to the ….

A

amplitude of the Generator potential

22
Q

Where does the Primary Afferent Nociceptor synapse with the secondary order neurone? What is the neutrotransimtter?

A

Dorsal horn of spine

Glutamate

23
Q

What neurons, found in the dorsal horn, receive input from C-fibres, A-delta-fibres and A-beta-fibres?

A

Wide Dynamic Range (WDR) neurons

24
Q

Spinothalamic tract (STT) signals the ____ of pain

A

location

25
Q

Spinoreticular tract (SRT) signals the ______ of pain

A

severity

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