social class Flashcards
patterns and trends
middle class children perform better - 80% of uni plays
Jerrim - most talented children being left behaviour if from lower class
high achieving boys from most advantaged family at two and a half years ahead by age 15
how do we measure social class
parents’ occupation
free school meals
income
external factors
material deprivation - lack of access to thinks money can buy eg study guides
material capital - having adequate funds to purchase the hidden costs of education
cultural deprivation - lacking the norms and values that might give advantage in education
cultural capital - norms and values that m/c parents pass down to children
internal factors
processes which go on in-school such as ethos of school, teacher labelling and pupil subcultures
marketisation - shape school policies
Material deprivation
Douglas - home and school
poor home conditions, poor diet and ill health, low income and part-time jobs
Cycle of deprivation
Gibson and Asthana
higher levels of sickness - more absences
low income - books and toys not bought - hidden costs
student loans and tuition fees - source of anxiety
part-time jobs - takes time from studying
Sutton Trust - 2010
private school students - 7% of population - 55 times more likely to get into Oxford or Cambridge and 22 times more likely to get into high ranked uni compared to state school student on free-school meals
evaluations of material deprivation
poverty causes poor educational performance is deterministic and only focuses on class aspect - children can succeed
cultural religious or political values create and sustain motivation despite poverty eg british chinese students
some sociologists - cultural failings of w/c parents
covid material deprivation studies
LLAKES centre - 4500 children study - disadvantaged children less likely to complete over 4 hours of schoolwork during lockdown
Education policy institute 2020 - disadvantaged gap has stopped closing for first time in a decade - 560 years for gap to close
3 main cultural factors
intellectual development
attitudes and values
linguistic deprivation
intellectual development
w/c deprived of books and toys
douglas - w/c parents less likely to support children’s intellectual development at home - reading
philips - the neets - family disorder - broken families - disrupted socialisation
intellectual development criticisms
Maternal deprivation more important
Victim blaming
Generalisation
Deterministic
Classist
Scapegoating
Marxism
attitudes and values
douglas - parents’ attitudes to education - m/c students have more interest and more likely to encourage further education
immediate and deferred gratification
types of gratification
immediate gratification - seeking enjoyment of the moment and sacrificing future reward
deferred gratification - putting off enjoyment in the short term and working hard in long term for future benefits
immediate gratification - sugarman
sugarman - m/c more likely to have deferred gratification
w/c foster attitude of immediate gratification
concept of fatalism - working class class accept their economic situation