Arguments that support - ethnic identities are changing Flashcards
Hall in 1992 discussed the argument the Ethnic Identities are changing.
What does he write?
Hall (1992) ethnic identities are becoming harder to identify because of the impact of globalisation and diasporas merging culture and creating ‘new ethnicities’. Examples exist in ethnic minority culture becoming mainstream, such as music such as reggae, hip hop and rap music, also in fashion and also diet.
Burdsey in 2004 discussed the argument the Ethnic Identities are changing.
What does he write?
Burdsey (2004) found that young British Asians were now consuming designer clothes, taking recreational drugs and participating in leisure activities, such as football, which were originally associated with young white and black males.
What is Hybridisation within Ethnic Identities?
Hybridization’ occurs when people of different ethnic groups draw upon a range of cultures to create a new hybrid (combined) identity. As a result, ethnic identity is becoming increasingly confused, especially due to the mixed ethnicity of parents with people who are born in Britain. For these groups, it is difficult for them to establish whether they identify themselves with a white ethnic identity drawn from one parent, an ethnic identity rising form the other parent, or a new hybrid identity which draws upon both parents ethnic identity.
What conflict do younger generations of Ethnic Minorities experience?
Younger generations of ethnic minorities often experience a conflict between the traditional culture passed on by their parents and the mainstream culture they are taught at school and see in the media. Anwar (1981) Family can be site of conflict between generations. Younger generations seen to have adopted alien values and ideas through mixing with Westerners. Especially true with females who want to go into higher education and pursue careers.
What has Multiculturalism led to within the changing of Ethnic Identities?
Multiculturalism has led to some assimilation, especially among first-generation ethnic minority immigrants. Mirza et al. (2007). Majority of Muslims are well-integrated into British society. Most of them want to ‘live together’ with non-Muslims – live under British rather than Sharia law, attend mixed rather than faith schools. But also ‘live apart’, especially young Muslims – supporting the wearing of veils.
On the other hand, multiculturalism has led members of ethnic minorities intermingle over time, ethnic cultures change and borrow from one another. This may lead to the formation of hybrid identities, where people combine different ethnic styles in novel ways.
What did Les Black say about Hybrid Identities in 1996?
Les Black (1996) ‘Hybrid identities’ emerging among young people in two council estates in South London. Trying out new cultural ‘masks’, playing with different styles, meanings and symbols. Cultural ‘borrowing’ e.g. ‘cool’ language and interest in reggae, soul,etc. New identities forged that helped to blur the divisive lines of race.
What did Sewell say about Ethnicity as a form of Resistance in 1996?
Sewell (1996) notes that ethnic identity has been used as a way of resisting racism and disadvantage. In his study, he found that anti-school male black subcultures were created as a response to racism at school. By asserting their ethnic identity and by emphasising the strengths of their cultures, they can resist their denial of status and the devaluing of their own culture by racism. They may seek to reclaim their identity through aspects of their culture, such as embracing Rastafarianism (black youth) and Islam (Black Pakistanis).
