new right views on education Flashcards

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1
Q

Overview of the new right

A

conservative political perspective that has many overlaps with functionalism

state cannot meet people’s needs - better met through free market

role of education is to support individualism and the needs of the market

neoliberal ideology

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2
Q

What is neo-liberalism

A

pro-capitalist economic theory which believes that the ‘free market’ in capitalist economies is the best basis for organising society

Free market economies are based upon the choices individuals make when spending their money

the general principle is that if you leave everything to the market, then businesses will provide what people demand because businesses want to make a profit

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3
Q

what do markets do

A

they encourage competition

when people see a high demand for a product, they are encouraged to product and sell that product and the better product they can make and the cheaper they can sell it for, then the more profit they make

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4
Q

advantages of a free-market system - individual freedom

A

based on the principle of allowing individuals to be free to pursue their own self-interest - this is seen as the best way to pursue the maximum good in society

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5
Q

advantages of the free market - efficiency

A

businesses try to be efficient in order to maximise profit

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6
Q

advantages of the free market - innovation

A

competition and the profit motive encourage people to product new products to stimulate demand

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7
Q

advantages of the free market - economic growth

A

the end result of leaving businesses free to do business is more wealth wealth and more jobs

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8
Q

similarities to functionalism

A

people are not equal - some are more talented than others

a meritocratic education system should prepare young people for employment through open competition

education should socialise pupils into shared norms and values of society

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9
Q

differences with functionalism

A

the new right do not believe that the education system we have meets these goals

this is because it is run by the state, which imposes a uniform view of what education should be and is inefficient

state education is not responsive to the needs of its students or parents

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10
Q

four key ideas

A

marketisation

parentocracy

Consumer choice

Society is meritocratic

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11
Q

what does marketisation refer to

A

the aim of making schools compete with one another for government funding ie the better a school dies in the previous year, the more funding

this essentially makes schools into businesses competing with one another, and creating an education “market”

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12
Q

what did the new right introduce in policies to create marketisation

A

league tables
national curriculum
ofsted
formula funding

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13
Q

general evaluation of marketisation

A

league tables reduce students into being statistics, and put pressure on all stakeholders - teachers and pupils especially - to perform at the highest level rather than enjoy learning

Palmer - toxic childhood

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14
Q

How would marxists evaluate marketisation

A

it reduces the opportunities for the working class - marxists point out that policies such as formula funding put an economic label on education and turn it into a commodity that can be bought and sold

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15
Q

how would postmodernists evaluate marketisation

A

argue that policies such as the national curriculum and ofsted create a standardised education system that stifles creativity and allows no room for pupils to be individuals

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16
Q

how does the new right argue parentocracy

A

for marketisation to work - parents must have a choice where to send their child

parental choice directly affects the school as funding depends on number of pupils

marketisation and parentocracy cause a rise in standards

17
Q

how does open enrolment cause parentocracy

A

where parents are allowed to select multiple schools to sent their child to, but only specifying one as their ‘first choice’

the result of this was that some schools become oversubscribed and these were allowed to select pupils according to certain criteria

gave parents a choice

18
Q

how would marxists evaluate parentocracy

A

Stephen Ball

point out that parentocracy tends to favour the middle class
for example - wealthier families can afford to move into the catchment areas of the best state schools, meaning the oversubscribed schools end up with a majority middle class student cohort who achieve better results on average

selection by mortgage

19
Q

general evaluation about parentocracy

A

upper-middle class parents exercise the most choice if they can afford to send their children to private school

20
Q

who argues consumer choice

A

chubb and moe

21
Q

why did the education in the US fail - consumer choice

A
  • to not creating equal opportunities
  • failing needs of disadvantaged groups
  • inefficient because it fails to provide students with the skills needed for the economic system
  • private schools deliver higher quality education - all schools should be delivering this quality
22
Q

how do they argue consumer choice

A

compared achievements of 60,000 pupils from low-income families and 1,015 state and private schools in the USA

data showed that pupils from low-income families do about 5% better in private schools - not meritocratic

private schools delivery higher quality education because they are answerable to paying consumers

so call the introduction of market system

23
Q

what is chubb and moe’s answer to the inefficiency

A

introduce market system through a voucher system in which each family would be given a voucher to spend on buying education from a school of their choice

24
Q

Sutton Trust - consumer choice

A

found UK students from poorer backgrounds who went to private schools through the assisted place scheme did better at GCSE and Alevel than students from a similar background who attended state schools

they were also more likely to be offered a place at Oxford and Cambridge and with a lower grade offer

25
Q

general evaluations for consumer choice

A

critics argue that vouchers would be seen as stigmatised identities which would still see the rich attend different schools rather than mix with other social classes - labelling theory?

marketisation policies have generally boosted the educational success of the middle-class but have had a negative impact on working-class communities
This is argued, has helped to reduce social mobility through education

26
Q

Who argues that society is meritocratic

A

Peter Saunders

27
Q

How do they argue that society is meriocratic

A

social mobility study - showed that those who were able to be upwardly mobile did so

the best and most able take the top jobs in society

the reason the middle class do better than the working class in education and work is because they are more able

financial inequality is a good thing as it encourages competition and rewards talent - this is similar to Davis and Moore’s view on role allocation

28
Q

discrimination evaluation for meritocracy

A

evidence shows that a working class person with the same qualifications as a middle class person will be unlikely to get the job

thus, the working class are discriminated against in other ways than pure ability and educational success is not a guarantee of a top job

29
Q

financial inequality evaluation for meritocracy

A

financial inequality leads to social breakdown and restricts opportunities thus reducing meritocracy

for example, middle-class schools are better funded than poor inner-city schools under New Right marketisation policy - sink schools

30
Q

positive evaluations for the new right

A

Their views have been very influential on educational policies since the 1980s - particularly with the conservative party

exam results have increased since the new right introduced the 1988 education reform act - only 44% of students passed GCSEs in 1988, compared to nearly 70% today

31
Q

limitations of the new right

A

poor education standards are the result of lack of funding and inequality rather than state control

the new right view rests on their claim that state control is the cause of education’s problems - if other factors are the real cause, the new right argument falls apart