SOC16 Structure Of Theblood Vessels

Question 1

What is the role of arteries?

Answer 1

Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 2

Characteristics of arteries?

Answer 2

Thick walls, more elastic than veins, carry blood at a high pressure, the lumen widens to allow more blood through

Question 3

What is the pulmonary artery?

Answer 3

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 4

What is the role of veins?

Answer 4

Veins carry deoxygenated blood into the heart

Question 5

Characteristics of veins?

Answer 5

Much thinner walls, less elastic, carry blood at a lower pressure, contains many valves helping deoxygenated blood flow to the heart

Question 6

What is the pulmomary vein?

Answer 6

The pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart

Question 7

What are capillaries?

Answer 7

Capillaries are microscopic vessels 1 cell thick

Question 8

The role of capillaries?

Answer 8

At one end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins pickimg up waste products and taking them around the body to dispose of them
At the other end, the carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen and nutrients to the muscles

Question 9

What takes place in capillaries?

Answer 9

Gaseous exchange takes place in capillaries

Question 10

What is the route of blood going into the heart and back out?

Answer 10

• Vena cava
• Right atrium
• Tricuspid valve
• Right ventricle
• Semilunar valve
• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary vein
• Left atrium
• Bicuspid valve
• Left ventricle
• Semilunar valve
• Aorta

Question 11

What are the 4 key components of the blood?

Answer 11

• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets
• Plasma

Question 12

What is the immune system?

Answer 12

The structures and processes in your body that stop disease

Question 13

What is thrombokinase?

Answer 13

A substance involved in blood clotting

Question 14

What is serotonin?

Answer 14

Hormone that triggers the clotting process

Question 15

What is plasma?

Answer 15

The fluid part of blood

Question 16

What is erythrocyte?

Answer 16

Red blood cell

Question 17

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 17

A red protein in the blood that transports oxygen

Question 18

What is anaemia?

Answer 18

A condition where there is a lack of red cells or haemoglobin in the blood

Question 19

What is a leukocyte?

Answer 19

A white blood cell

Question 20

What is a pathogen?

Answer 20

An agent that causes disease, such as a virus

Question 21

What is an antibody?

Answer 21

A chemical that destroys a pathogens

Question 22

What is the importance of red blood cells?(2)

Answer 22

● Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.
● They contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Question 23

Example of the importance of red blood cells

Answer 23

● This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require more oxygen when running.

Question 24

What is the importance of white blood cells?(3)

Answer 24

● The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells.
● They have an important function as the defence system of the body.
● They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases

Question 25

Example of importance of white blood cells

Answer 25

● If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/perform.

Question 26

What is the importance of platelets?

Answer 26

● Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow. ● Tiny fragments that clump together to help blood clot and stop bleeding. ● Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound. ● When a blood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell into irregular shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug.

Question 27

Example of importance of platelets

Answer 27

● If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will clot to stop the bleeding.

Question 28

What is the importance of plasma?

Answer 28

● The main role of plasma is to take oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it. ● Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps remove this waste from the body.