SOC14 Muscular System

Question 1

Gluteals location and funtion

Answer 1

In the middle of the body at the back, forming the bottom
Adduct amd extend the leg at the hips, pull the legs backwards

Question 2

Hamstrings location and funtion

Answer 2

At the top of the leg, at the back
Flex the legs at the knees

Question 3

Gastrocnemius location and funtion

Answer 3

At the bottom of each leg, at the back
Point the toes (planta-flexion) at the ankle

Question 4

Latissimus dorsi location and funtion

Answer 4

At the back of the body, either side of the chest
Pull your arms down at the shoulders and behind your back

Question 5

Tricep location and funtion

Answer 5

At the top of each arm, at the back
Extend the arm at the elbow

Question 6

Deltoids location and funtion

Answer 6

In the upper part of the body, covering the shoulders
Raise the arm in all directions at the shoulders

Question 7

Biceps location and funtion

Answer 7

At the top of each arm at the front
Flex the arm at the elbows

Question 8

Quadriceps location and funtion

Answer 8

At the top of each leg, at the front
Extend the leg at the knee

Question 9

Pectoralis major location and funtion

Answer 9

In the upper part of the chest, at the front
Adduct the arm at the shoulder

Question 10

External obliques location and funtion

Answer 10

To the side of the abdomen
Pull the chest downwards. Flex and rotate the spinal column

Question 11

Tibialis anterior location and funtion

Answer 11

Runs down the shin
Pull the toes up towards the shin (dorsi flexion)

Question 12

Hip flexors location and funtion

Answer 12

Sit deep in the fron of the hip and connect the leg
Flex the hip, help the leg and knee up towards the body

Question 13

What is an antagonistic pair

Answer 13

Muscles that work together to create a movement. This happens when a muscle contracts. When one muscle contracts, it is called an agonist and the muscle that relaxes is called the antagonist.

Question 14

4 antagonistic pairs :

Answer 14

Biceps & triceps (elbow)
Hamstring & quadriceps (knee)
Gastrocnemius & tinialis anterior (ankle)
Gluteals & Hip flexor (hip)

Question 15

What is a slow twitch muscle?

Answer 15

Slow twitch (type I)
- Suit endurance activities - can work for long periods of time.
- They’re darker in colour because they contain Myoglobin, a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles.

Question 16

What is a type IIa muscle fibre?

Answer 16

Type Ila - used in anaerobic work which can be improved through high intensity interval training.
Increasing their resistance to fatigue.

Question 17

What is a type IIx muscle fibre?

Answer 17

Type lIx - used in highly explosive anaerobic work that can generate more power than other muscle fibres but fatigue very quickly.

Question 18

What is myoglobin?

Answer 18

A red pigment that transports oxygen to the blood

Question 19

What are muscle fibres?

Answer 19

Made up of skeletal muscle made up of the three types (I, IIa, IIx)

Question 20

What are voluntary muscles?

Answer 20

Voluntary muscles are under your control, you can choose when to contract or relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton via tendons. When your muscles contract, movement takes place
They are usually made up of cylinder shaped fibres and are usually long and thin but get shorter and fatter when contracted. On avg. 43% of a men’s body weight is muscle.

Question 21

What are involuntary muclses?

Answer 21

Involuntary muscles are not under our control. They contract and relax automatically controlled by the involuntary nervous system. They can be found in the digestive organs, circulatory and urinary systems.
The are usually made up of spindle shaped fibres. The involuntary muscles of the blood vessels are especially important for sport. By the muscles contracting and relaxing it helps distribute blood to areas it is most needed.

Question 22

What are cardiac muscles?

Answer 22

Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardia muscle is made up of interlaced fibres. These fibres can spread electronical signals from the brain right through the heart so that all the cells can contract together. This regulates your heart rate and means that when you exercise your heart keeps pumping in the right way.