SOC14 Muscular System Flashcards
Gluteals location and funtion
In the middle of the body at the back, forming the bottom
Adduct amd extend the leg at the hips, pull the legs backwards
Hamstrings location and funtion
At the top of the leg, at the back
Flex the legs at the knees
Gastrocnemius location and funtion
At the bottom of each leg, at the back
Point the toes (planta-flexion) at the ankle
Latissimus dorsi location and funtion
At the back of the body, either side of the chest
Pull your arms down at the shoulders and behind your back
Tricep location and funtion
At the top of each arm, at the back
Extend the arm at the elbow
Deltoids location and funtion
In the upper part of the body, covering the shoulders
Raise the arm in all directions at the shoulders
Biceps location and funtion
At the top of each arm at the front
Flex the arm at the elbows
Quadriceps location and funtion
At the top of each leg, at the front
Extend the leg at the knee
Pectoralis major location and funtion
In the upper part of the chest, at the front
Adduct the arm at the shoulder
External obliques location and funtion
To the side of the abdomen
Pull the chest downwards. Flex and rotate the spinal column
Tibialis anterior location and funtion
Runs down the shin
Pull the toes up towards the shin (dorsi flexion)
Hip flexors location and funtion
Sit deep in the fron of the hip and connect the leg
Flex the hip, help the leg and knee up towards the body
What is an antagonistic pair
Muscles that work together to create a movement. This happens when a muscle contracts. When one muscle contracts, it is called an agonist and the muscle that relaxes is called the antagonist.
4 antagonistic pairs :
Biceps & triceps (elbow)
Hamstring & quadriceps (knee)
Gastrocnemius & tinialis anterior (ankle)
Gluteals & Hip flexor (hip)
What is a slow twitch muscle?
Slow twitch (type I)
- Suit endurance activities - can work for long periods of time.
- They’re darker in colour because they contain Myoglobin, a red pigment that transports oxygen to the working muscles.
What is a type IIa muscle fibre?
Type Ila - used in anaerobic work which can be improved through high intensity interval training.
Increasing their resistance to fatigue.
What is a type IIx muscle fibre?
Type lIx - used in highly explosive anaerobic work that can generate more power than other muscle fibres but fatigue very quickly.
What is myoglobin?
A red pigment that transports oxygen to the blood
What are muscle fibres?
Made up of skeletal muscle made up of the three types (I, IIa, IIx)
What are voluntary muscles?
Voluntary muscles are under your control, you can choose when to contract or relax them. All these muscles are attached to the skeleton via tendons. When your muscles contract, movement takes place
They are usually made up of cylinder shaped fibres and are usually long and thin but get shorter and fatter when contracted. On avg. 43% of a men’s body weight is muscle.
What are involuntary muclses?
Involuntary muscles are not under our control. They contract and relax automatically controlled by the involuntary nervous system. They can be found in the digestive organs, circulatory and urinary systems.
The are usually made up of spindle shaped fibres. The involuntary muscles of the blood vessels are especially important for sport. By the muscles contracting and relaxing it helps distribute blood to areas it is most needed.
What are cardiac muscles?
Only found in the wall of the heart it is a very specialised type of involuntary muscle. Cardia muscle is made up of interlaced fibres. These fibres can spread electronical signals from the brain right through the heart so that all the cells can contract together. This regulates your heart rate and means that when you exercise your heart keeps pumping in the right way.
