Soc 9 Long Term Effects Of Exercise Flashcards
Stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart during each beat
Maximum cardiac output
The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
Muscle hypertrophy
When muscles grow as a result of training
Coronary heart disease
When your conorary arteries are narrowed by a slow build up of fatty material within your walls
Alveoli
Tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream.
Diaphragm
The primary muscle used in the process of inspiration, or inhalation. It is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the rest of the body cavity
Aerobic exercise
Working at a moedate intensity level with oxygen
Anaerobic exercise
Working at a high intensity level without oxygen
Effects of the musculo skeletal system
Increased strength of ligaments and tendons.
• Increased bone density – helps prevent osteoporosis (weakening of bones).
• Muscle hypertrophy: is a term for the growth and increase of the size of muscle cells.
• Adaptation: the body adapts to training loads imposed on it by increasing the ability to cope with those loads.
Effects on the cardio-respiratory system - your heart
Decreased resting heart rate: Your heart gets bigger/ stronger with training, so it can supply the same amount of blood with fewer beats.
Faster recovery rate: Heart recovery rate is the speed at which your heart returns to RHR after you exercise. The faster your recovery rate, the fitter you are.
Increased resting stroke volume: Stroke volume is the amount of blood pumped by your heart per beat. When you exercise regularly, your stroke volume increase, both at rest and at work.
Maximum cardiac output: The amount of blood ejected from your heart in one minute. Cardiac output (CO) = stroke volume (SV) X heart rate (HR).
Size and strength of the heart: Training increases the heart muscles in size, thickness and strength.
Effects on the cardio-respiratory system - your blood
Capillaries: Improved fitness increases the number of capillaries in your heart muscle and helps your blood vessels more elastic, flexible and efficient.
Increased number of red blood cells: These cells carry oxygen to the muscles, so having higher red blood cell count can improve their performance.
Drop in resting blood pressure: regular exercise reduces blood pressure due to the muscular wall of the veins and arteries becoming more elastic.
Effects on the respiratory system
Increased lung capacity/ volume and vital capacity
Your lungs will become more efficient, and they will be better at delivering oxygen to your working muscles, so your body will cope better during exercise.
Increased number of alveoli
More alveoli will become available for gaseous, exchange after regular exercise, so more oxygen can be absorbed by the capillaries and more carbon dioxide taken from them.
Increased strength of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
Exercise increases the strength of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles – the muscles that work to increase airflow during physical activity.
Adaption
Your body’s response to training and how your body changes to cope with new activity.
Recovery rate
The speed at which your heart returns To RHR after you exercise.
