Soc 16- The Structure Of Blood Vessels And Blood Distribution Flashcards
What are the 4 main characteristics of the Ateries
● Arteries take blood away from the heart
● Arteries have thick walls and are more elastic and carry bloodnat a higher blood pressure, which carry oxygenated blood
● Channel flows through is called Lumen, which can eiden to allow more blood for exericse
●Pulmonary artery is different from other arteries as it carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to lungs
Veins 4 main characteristics
● Veins carry blood into the heart
● Veins have much thinner walls, are less elastic and carry blood at a
lower pressure
● Veins contain many valves which helps deoxygenated blood flow to the heart
● The pulmonary vein is different to other veins as it carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart
4 main characteristics of Capillaries
● Capillaries are microscopic vessels - just one cell thick
● At one end, capillaries carry oxygenated blood which transfers oxygen
and nutrients to the muscles
● At the other end, they carry deoxygenated blood into the veins, picking up waste products and taking them around the body to dispose of them
● Capillaries are where gaseous exchange takes place
The structure of blood
blood is made up of four components red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.
Importance of Red Blood Cells
● Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body’s cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs.
● They contain haemoglobin, which stores oxygen and carbon dioxide.
● This is important to a long distance runner as their working muscles require more oxygen when running.
Importance of White blood cells
● The blood also contains transparent cells called white blood cells.
● They have an important function as the defence system of the body.
● They produce antibodies to fight against infection and diseases
● If an athlete has a disease or infection they may not be able to train/perform.
Importance of Platelets
● Blood platelets are formed in the bone marrow.
● Tiny fragments that clump together to help blood clot and stop
bleeding.
● Blood is the first line of defence in the repair of a wound.
● When a blood vessel is cut, platelets rush to the area and swell
into irregular shapes, they become sticky and act as a plug.
● If a performer gets a skin abrasion/cut the blood platelets will
clot to stop the bleeding.
Importance of Plasma
● The main role of plasma is to take oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it.
● Cells also put their waste products into the plasma. The plasma then helps remove this waste from the body.
Immune system
the structures and processes in your body that stop disease.
Thrombokinase
substance involved in blood clotting.
Serotonin
hormone that triggers the clotting process.
Plasma
The fluid part of blood
Erythrocyte
Red blood cell
Haemoglobin
A red protein in the blood that transports oxygen
Anaemia
condition where there is a lack of red cells or haemoglobin in the blood.
