Soc 26: Skill, Practice, Guidance and Feedback Flashcards
What are the classifications of skills?
Open, Closed, Basic/Simple, Complex, Low Organisation, High Organisation
What are open skills?
They are skills that are always changing. They are affected by the environment, involved decision making and are externally paced. E.g. dribbling past a defender.
What is a closed skill?
A skill in a stable environment that is not affected by the environment. The skill is habitual and self paced. E.g. a free throw in basketball.
What is a basic/simple skill?
One that is easy and requires low concentration. There is little information and few decisions to make and is used in many sports. E.g. chest pass in netball / side foot pass in football.
What is a complex skill?
One that is hard and requires high concentration. Lots of information needs to be processed and decisions need to be made quickly. Generally sports specific. E.g. a smash in tennis / spike in volleyball.
What is a high organisation skill?
One that contains complicated phases. They are complex and require large amounts of attention and coordination. They are difficult to break down into phases. E.g. somersault in gymnastics.
What is a low organisation skill?
One that has uncomplicated stages. They are uncomplicated and simple and you can usually break down the skill into phases. E.g. set shot in basketball.
What are the different types of practise structures?
Massed, Distributed, Fixed, Variable
What is massed practice?
When a skill is practised until learnt. It is practised without taking a break and can be intense and mentally challenging. It is normally for athletes who are fit and motivated.
What is distributed practice?
When something is practised over several sessions. There are plenty of rest breaks and is normally for players of low ability, experience or fitness levels.
What is fixed practice?
When something is practised in a single situation. It is practised over and over again until perfected, normally for closed skills. E.g. practising a set shot in basketball.
What is variable practice?
It involves practising the skill in a variety of different situations. Allows you to adapt the different situations and is essential for open skills. It normally for players with higher ability, experience or fitness level. E.g. football varies from match to match through things such as weather conditions, opposition.
What is guidance?
Information to aid the learning of a skill - can be given visually, verbally, manually or mechanically.
What is visual guidance?
When a coach is showing the technique or ‘perfect model’ such as showing a video. It is easy to understand but harder to show difficult skills. Helps the learner visualise the skill and is most effective when used at the early stages of learning.
What is verbal guidance?
Feedback that can be provided during a performance. Can be hard to understand but is important for harder skills. Ideal for open skills and is effective when used in conjunction with other forms of guidance. Good for advanced performers.
What is manual guidance?
Involves using physical contact to help a performer complete a skill. Helps to give kinaesthetic feel for the movement and can be used with learners of all abilities. Helps to build confidence.
What is mechanical guidance?
Involves using equipment to help a performer complete a skill. It is very effective in early stages of learning and helps learner gain a kinaesthetic of the movement to help build confidence. E.g. using armbands whilst swimming.
What is feedback?
Information received before, during or after a performance about the performance. Can be intrinsic, extrinsic, concurrent or terminal.
What is intrinsic feedback?
It is the feedback that comes from the performer themselves. Experienced performers will know when something feels right or wrong, whereas beginners may not have such experience.
What is extrinsic feedback?
It comes from an external source such as a teacher or coach. Beginners will benefit greatly as they may not have knowledge to assess their own performance and can motivate them to improve.
What is concurrent feedback?
It is feedback provided during the performance. This feedback can be acted on immediately. E.g. communications from the sidelines from the manager/coach.
What is terminal feedback?
Feedback provided at the end of a game or performance. This feedback will be aimed at being more reflective and giving an overview of the performance.
When does mental preparation happen and why is it important?
Usually starts before warm up for a game. Getting in right mindset is practised during training and something you may get help from. It helps to: maintain a positive attitude, stay calm and eliminate distractions.
What is a common form of mental preparation?
Imagery which is a mental or psychological technique in which the performer imagines/visualises themselves being successful in their performance.
