Soc 12: The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?
- Protection of Vital Organs
- Muscle Attachment (tendons)
- Joints for Movement
- Storing Calcium and Phosphorus
- Red and White Blood Cell Production
What bones make up the spine?
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
What bones make up the hand/wrist?
Carpals (Cufflinks)
Metacarpals
Phalanges
What bones make up the foot/ankle?
Tarsals (Toes)
Metatarsals
Phalanges
What bones make up the leg?
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
What bones are in the arm?
Radius
Ulna
Humerus
What bones are in the torso?
Sternum
Pelvis
Ribs
Clavicle
What is the bone used for the shoulder blade?
Scapula
What is the name used for the collarbone?
Clavicle
What is the name used for the skull?
Cranium
What are the 4 types of bones?
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
What are long bones and how are they used?
They are bones longer than they are wide. Muscle attachment - They are vital to generate movement, strength and speed and act as levers. They enable the body to move when pulled by muscles.
What are short bones and how are they used?
They are generally the same size in length, width and thickness. Carpals and tarsals. Associated with weight baring, shock absorption and spreading loads. Play role in jogging and tennis.
What are flat bones and how are they used?
Usually protect organs or offer good surface for muscles to attach to. Help movement. For example the borad scapula has 3 muscles attached to it.
What are irregular bones and how are they used?
Have odd shapes and vary in functions. Offer protection. Vertebrae protect spinal column and allow head to move.
What are the 4 types of joints?
Pivot
Hinge
Ball and Socket
Condyloid
What is a pivot joint?
Allows bones to rotate. E.g. first 2 vertebrae connect skull and spine, allowing head to turn.
What is a hinge joint?
Allows a forward and backward motion. E.g. the tibia is hinged on the femur so that the leg can be extended.
What is a ball and socket joint?
When the rounded head of a long bone fits into the socket and allows lots of ranges of motion. E.g. in hip long femur fits into pelvis.
What is a condyloid joint?
Allows a circular motion. E.g. the wrist as you can bend and straighten it. Ball rests against end of a bone.
What is flexion?
Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts- someone doing bicep curls.
What is extension?
Straightening movement that increases angle between body parts- swimmer swinging their arms.
What is dorsiflexion?
Bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the shin- sprinter getting into starting position.
What is plantar flexion?
Extending or pointing toes down, away from the shin- floor gymnast points toes.
What is abduction?
Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body- gymnast moves arms out sideways when performing ‘the crucifix’.
What is adduction?
Movement that pulls towards the midline of the body- golfer swings club towards ball.
What is rotation?
Movement around a single axis or pivot point- tennis player serving.
What is circumduction?
Moving in a circular or conical shape- cricketer bowling a ball.
What is a tendon?
Non-elastic fibres that attach muscle to bone and help to move them.
Why are tendons important in sport?
They allow you to apply power and movement.
What is a ligament?
Elastic fibres that joins bone to bone, usually to hold things together and keep them stable.
Why are ligaments important in sport?
They keep your skeleton supported whilst allowing movement.
