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GCSE PE > Soc 12: The Skeletal System > Flashcards

Soc 12: The Skeletal System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Protection of Vital Organs
  2. Muscle Attachment (tendons)
  3. Joints for Movement
  4. Storing Calcium and Phosphorus
  5. Red and White Blood Cell Production
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2
Q

What bones make up the spine?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx

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3
Q

What bones make up the hand/wrist?

A

Carpals (Cufflinks)
Metacarpals
Phalanges

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4
Q

What bones make up the foot/ankle?

A

Tarsals (Toes)
Metatarsals
Phalanges

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5
Q

What bones make up the leg?

A

Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula

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6
Q

What bones are in the arm?

A

Radius
Ulna
Humerus

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7
Q

What bones are in the torso?

A

Sternum
Pelvis
Ribs
Clavicle

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8
Q

What is the bone used for the shoulder blade?

A

Scapula

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9
Q

What is the name used for the collarbone?

A

Clavicle

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10
Q

What is the name used for the skull?

A

Cranium

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11
Q

What are the 4 types of bones?

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

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12
Q

What are long bones and how are they used?

A

They are bones longer than they are wide. Muscle attachment - They are vital to generate movement, strength and speed and act as levers. They enable the body to move when pulled by muscles.

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13
Q

What are short bones and how are they used?

A

They are generally the same size in length, width and thickness. Carpals and tarsals. Associated with weight baring, shock absorption and spreading loads. Play role in jogging and tennis.

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14
Q

What are flat bones and how are they used?

A

Usually protect organs or offer good surface for muscles to attach to. Help movement. For example the borad scapula has 3 muscles attached to it.

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15
Q

What are irregular bones and how are they used?

A

Have odd shapes and vary in functions. Offer protection. Vertebrae protect spinal column and allow head to move.

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16
Q

What are the 4 types of joints?

A

Pivot
Hinge
Ball and Socket
Condyloid

17
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

Allows bones to rotate. E.g. first 2 vertebrae connect skull and spine, allowing head to turn.

18
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

Allows a forward and backward motion. E.g. the tibia is hinged on the femur so that the leg can be extended.

19
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

When the rounded head of a long bone fits into the socket and allows lots of ranges of motion. E.g. in hip long femur fits into pelvis.

20
Q

What is a condyloid joint?

A

Allows a circular motion. E.g. the wrist as you can bend and straighten it. Ball rests against end of a bone.

21
Q

What is flexion?

A

Bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts- someone doing bicep curls.

22
Q

What is extension?

A

Straightening movement that increases angle between body parts- swimmer swinging their arms.

23
Q

What is dorsiflexion?

A

Bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the shin- sprinter getting into starting position.

24
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Extending or pointing toes down, away from the shin- floor gymnast points toes.

25
Q

What is abduction?

A

Movement that pulls away from the midline of the body- gymnast moves arms out sideways when performing ‘the crucifix’.

26
Q

What is adduction?

A

Movement that pulls towards the midline of the body- golfer swings club towards ball.

27
Q

What is rotation?

A

Movement around a single axis or pivot point- tennis player serving.

28
Q

What is circumduction?

A

Moving in a circular or conical shape- cricketer bowling a ball.

29
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Non-elastic fibres that attach muscle to bone and help to move them.

30
Q

Why are tendons important in sport?

A

They allow you to apply power and movement.

31
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Elastic fibres that joins bone to bone, usually to hold things together and keep them stable.

32
Q

Why are ligaments important in sport?

A

They keep your skeleton supported whilst allowing movement.

GCSE PE (20 decks)

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