Soc 12 : The Skeletal System

Question 1

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system ?

Answer 1

• protection of vital organs - keeps organs safe
• muscle attachment - they need strong points to attach bones providing framework
• joints for movement - allow the body to move , small movement or large movement
• storing calcium and phosphorus - 2 vital minerals for healthy bones
• red and white blood cell production - when oxygen content drops/red blood cells they produce more.

Question 2

What is the real names for the bones in your hand and where are they positioned ?

Answer 2

• upper hand - caepals
• middle hand - metacarples
• lower hand - fingertips - phalagens

Question 3

What are the sections of the spine ?

Answer 3

Top - cervical
Middle - thoracic
Lower - lumbar
Lower - sacrum
Bottom - coccyx

Question 4

What is the upper bone in the arm ?

Answer 4

Humerous

Question 5

What are the bones in the feet (toes) ?

Answer 5

Upper - tarsels
Middle - metatarsels
Lower - phalagens

Question 6

What is the real name for the sholder blade ?

Answer 6

Scapula

Question 7

What is the real name for collar bone ?

Answer 7

Calvicle

Question 8

What is the bone in your knee cap ?

Answer 8

Patella

Question 9

What is the strongest bone in your body ?

Answer 9

Femur

Question 10

What are the two bones in the shin ?

Answer 10

Bigger - tibia
Small - fibula

Question 11

What is the bones in your hand (cuflinks) ?

Answer 11

Upper - carpals
Middle - metacarples
Lower - phalagens

Question 12

What bones protect the heart ?

Answer 12

Ribs

Question 13

What connects the ribs ?

Answer 13

Sternum

Question 14

What is a long bone ?

Answer 14

Long bones are longer than they are wide. They don’t have to be big, small bones like finger bones (phalanges) count as long bones. A long bone has a shaft and two ends.

Question 15

What is a short bone ?

Answer 15

Short bones are generally the same size in length, width and thickness. The only short bones in the body are the carpals (cuffs) in the wrist and the tarsals (toes) in the foot.

Question 16

What is a flat bone ?

Answer 16

Flat bones usually protect organs or offer a good surface for muscles to attach to. For example, the ribs protect the heart and lungs, while the broad scapula has three muscles attached to it. Other flat bones are; scapula, cranium and clavicle.

Question 17

What is an irregular bone ?

Answer 17

Irregular bones have odd shapes and vary in function. An example is the vertebrae which help protects the spinal column and the sacrum which has lots of attachment points.

Question 18

Why is long bones important in sport ?

Answer 18

These bones are vital to generate movement, strength and speed. They usually act as levers. When they are pulled by different muscles, they enable the body to move.

Question 19

Why are short bones important in sport ?

Answer 19

Short bones are usually associated with weight baring, shock absorption and spreading loads. They play a key role in activities like jogging, playing tennis or dancing

Question 20

Why are flat bones important in sport ?

Answer 20

Flat bones protect your organs in contact sports and provide attachment for muscles to help movement.

Question 21

Why are irregualr bones important in sport ?

Answer 21

Irregular bones offer protection when playing sport, they tend to form specific functions for example the first and second vertebrae allow the head to turn and nod.

Question 22

What are the 4 types of joints

Answer 22

• condyloid
• pivot
• ball-and-socket
• hinge

Question 23

What is a pivot joint ?

Answer 23

Pivot joints allow bones to rotate . In a pivot joint , one bone shaped like a cylnder rotates inside another bone or ligament that makes a ring around it . E.g the atlis and axis in our upper neck

Question 24

What is a ball-and-socket joint ?

Answer 24

In a ball and socket joint its the rounded head of your femur or humerous for example entering your hip which acts as a socket being the pelvis or scapula which allows alot of ranges in motion

Question 25

What is a hinge joint ?

Answer 25

A hinge joint is a joint that allows forward and backward motion - just like the hinge on a door . There are three hinge joints : knee ankle and elbow .

Question 26

What is a condyloid joint ?

Answer 26

A condyloid joint is similar to a ball and socket joint but the ball rests against the end of a bone , rather than inside a socket . This allows a circular motion

Question 27

What type of movement is flextion ? Where is it found ? Give a sporting example .

Answer 27

- bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts - Shoulder, hip, elbow - Someone working out in the gym bends their arm up when doing a bicep curl

Question 28

What type of movement is extension ? Where is it found ? Give a sporting example .

Answer 28

- straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts - shoulder , hip - Aswimmer swings the arm backwards in preparation for a racing dive

Question 29

What type of movement is Dorsi-flexion ? Where is it found ? Give a sporting example .

Answer 29

- bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the shin - Ankle - Asprinter positions their feet in the starting blocks

Question 30

What type of movement is plantar flexion ? Where is it ? Give a sporting example .

Answer 30

- extending or pointing the toes down, away from the shin - Ankle - A floor gymnast points their toes

Question 31

What type of movement is adduction ? Where is it ? Give a sporting example .

Answer 31

- movement that pulls towards the midline of the body - Shoulder, hip - A golfer on the tee swings the club down towards the ball

Question 32

What type of movement is abduction ? Where is it ? Give a sporting example .

Answer 32

- movement that pulls away from the midline of the body - Shoulder, hip - A gymnast moves their arms out sideways at the shoulder when performing 'the crucifixno the rings

Question 33

What type of movement is circumduction ? Where is it found ? Give a sporting example .

Answer 33

- moving in a circular or conical shape - Shoulder, hip - A cricketer bowls a ball

Question 34

What type of movement is rotation ? Where is it ? Give a sporting example .

Answer 34

- movement around a single axis or pivot point - Shoulder, hip - A tennis player serves

Question 35

What is a tendon ? Why are they important in sport ?

Answer 35

Tendons are non elastic fibres that attach muscle to bone and allows them to move . Tendons grow in strength the more you use them

Question 36

What is a ligament ? Why are they important in sport ?

Answer 36

Ligaments are elastic fibres that join bone to bone , usually to hold things together and keep them stable . They keep your skeleton supported whilst allowing movement