Soc 12 : The Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system ?
- protection of vital organs - keeps organs safe
- muscle attachment - they need strong points to attach bones providing framework
- joints for movement - allow the body to move , small movement or large movement
- storing calcium and phosphorus - 2 vital minerals for healthy bones
- red and white blood cell production - when oxygen content drops/red blood cells they produce more.
What is the real names for the bones in your hand and where are they positioned ?
- upper hand - caepals
- middle hand - metacarples
- lower hand - fingertips - phalagens
What are the sections of the spine ?
Top - cervical
Middle - thoracic
Lower - lumbar
Lower - sacrum
Bottom - coccyx
What is the upper bone in the arm ?
Humerous
What are the bones in the feet (toes) ?
Upper - tarsels
Middle - metatarsels
Lower - phalagens
What is the real name for the sholder blade ?
Scapula
What is the real name for collar bone ?
Calvicle
What is the bone in your knee cap ?
Patella
What is the strongest bone in your body ?
Femur
What are the two bones in the shin ?
Bigger - tibia
Small - fibula
What is the bones in your hand (cuflinks) ?
Upper - carpals
Middle - metacarples
Lower - phalagens
What bones protect the heart ?
Ribs
What connects the ribs ?
Sternum
What is a long bone ?
Long bones are longer than they are wide. They don’t have to be big, small bones like finger bones (phalanges) count as long bones. A long bone has a shaft and two ends.
What is a short bone ?
Short bones are generally the same size in length, width and thickness. The only short bones in the body are the carpals (cuffs) in the wrist and the tarsals (toes) in the foot.
What is a flat bone ?
Flat bones usually protect organs or offer a good surface for muscles to attach to. For example, the ribs protect the heart and lungs, while the broad scapula has three muscles attached to it. Other flat bones are; scapula, cranium and clavicle.
What is an irregular bone ?
Irregular bones have odd shapes and vary in function. An example is the vertebrae which help protects the spinal column and the sacrum which has lots of attachment points.
Why is long bones important in sport ?
These bones are vital to generate movement, strength and speed. They usually act as levers. When they are pulled by different muscles, they enable the body to move.
Why are short bones important in sport ?
Short bones are usually associated with weight baring, shock absorption and spreading loads. They play a key role in activities like jogging, playing tennis or dancing
Why are flat bones important in sport ?
Flat bones protect your organs in contact sports and provide attachment for muscles to help movement.
Why are irregualr bones important in sport ?
Irregular bones offer protection when playing sport, they tend to form specific functions for example the first and second vertebrae allow the head to turn and nod.
What are the 4 types of joints
- condyloid
- pivot
- ball-and-socket
- hinge
What is a pivot joint ?
Pivot joints allow bones to rotate . In a pivot joint , one bone shaped like a cylnder rotates inside another bone or ligament that makes a ring around it . E.g the atlis and axis in our upper neck
What is a ball-and-socket joint ?
In a ball and socket joint its the rounded head of your femur or humerous for example entering your hip which acts as a socket being the pelvis or scapula which allows alot of ranges in motion
What is a hinge joint ?
A hinge joint is a joint that allows forward and backward motion - just like the hinge on a door . There are three hinge joints : knee ankle and elbow .
What is a condyloid joint ?
A condyloid joint is similar to a ball and socket joint but the ball rests against the end of a bone , rather than inside a socket . This allows a circular motion
What type of movement is flextion ? Where is it found ? Give a sporting example .
- bending movement that decreases the angle between body parts
- Shoulder, hip, elbow
- Someone working out in the gym bends their arm up when doing a bicep curl
What type of movement is extension ? Where is it found ? Give a sporting example .
- straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts
- shoulder , hip
- Aswimmer swings the arm backwards in preparation for a racing dive
What type of movement is Dorsi-flexion ? Where is it found ? Give a sporting example .
- bending or flexing the toes up, closer to the shin
- Ankle
- Asprinter positions their feet in the starting blocks
What type of movement is plantar flexion ? Where is it ? Give a sporting example .
- extending or pointing the toes down, away from the shin
- Ankle
- A floor gymnast points their toes
What type of movement is adduction ? Where is it ? Give a sporting example .
- movement that pulls towards the midline of the body
- Shoulder, hip
- A golfer on the tee swings the club down towards the ball
What type of movement is abduction ? Where is it ? Give a sporting example .
- movement that pulls away from the midline of the body
- Shoulder, hip
- A gymnast moves their arms out sideways at the shoulder when performing ‘the crucifixno the rings
What type of movement is circumduction ? Where is it found ? Give a sporting example .
- moving in a circular or conical shape
- Shoulder, hip
- A cricketer bowls a ball
What type of movement is rotation ? Where is it ? Give a sporting example .
- movement around a single axis or pivot point
- Shoulder, hip
- A tennis player serves
What is a tendon ? Why are they important in sport ?
Tendons are non elastic fibres that attach muscle to bone and allows them to move . Tendons grow in strength the more you use them
What is a ligament ? Why are they important in sport ?
Ligaments are elastic fibres that join bone to bone , usually to hold things together and keep them stable . They keep your skeleton supported whilst allowing movement
