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MSK/Derm > SM 266: Autoimmune Systemic Diseases > Flashcards

SM 266: Autoimmune Systemic Diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Generalized Myxedema; due to widespread Mucin deposition in severe Hypothyroidism, causes non-pitting edema

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2
Q

What is this and what is it associated with?

A

Lupus Pernio, pathopneumonic for Sarcoidosis

Characterized by blueish/red nodules around “cold” areas like the nose and eyelids

Bad prognosis

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3
Q

What are these and how do you treat them?

A

Cholesterol emboli due to the ischemia in widespread areas around the distal extremities that follow the course of vessels

Treat with ASA, Statins to break up emboli

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4
Q

What is this and how does it present?

A

Pellagra = Vit B3 deficiency

Presnts with: Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia, and Death

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5
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Scurvy, caused by Vit C deficiency leading to corkscrew hairs and gingivitis

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6
Q

What are yellow nails associated with?

A

Pulmonary effusions and Lymphedema

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7
Q

What is this and what does it suggest?

A

Buffalo Hump = fat deposit on the back, due to Cushings/Steroids

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8
Q

What areas of the body can be effected by Vitiligo?

A

Any area can be effected

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9
Q

What is Sweet’s Syndrome associated with?

A

AML and Streptococcal infection

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10
Q

What is Peritibial Myxedema and when does it occur?

A

An “orange peal” like deposition of Mucin on the surface of the tibia, which may procede to Elephantosis

Associated with Thyroid disease

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11
Q

How does Calciphylaxis present and what is the prognosis/treatment?

A

Extremely painful and shows non-healing ulcer in fatty areas of the body; poor prognosis associated with Kideny failure

Treat with Sodium Thiosulfate

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12
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Wilson’s Disease, due to Kayser Fleischer rin around the eye; caused a mutation in a Copper transporter causing Copper overload and deposition around the eye

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13
Q

What does Wood’s lamp do and what is it used for?

A

Wood’s Lamp uses UV light to find areas of Depigmentation as opposed to hypopigmentation in Vitiligo

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14
Q

What is this and how is it treated?

A

Bitot’s spot (grey spot on Conjunctiva) due to Vit A deficiency

Vit A needed for Eyes and Keratinocyte function

Treat with Vit A supplementation

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15
Q

What is this and how do you treat it?

A

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica aka Zinc Deficiency

Treat w/ Zinc Supplementation

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16
Q

How does Sweet’s Syndrome present and how is it treated?

A

Erythematous + Edematous plaques on head/neck and upper extremities with fever and malaise

= Sweet Syndrome

Treat with Prednisone

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17
Q

How do Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism present?

A

Hyperthyroidism: fine, velvety smooth skin; warm and moist

Hypothyroidism: dry, rough, course skin; cold and pale, brittle hair

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18
Q

What is Scarring Alopecia associated with?

A

Hepatitis C

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19
Q

What is this and what could cause it?

A

Gynecomastia - associated with Cirrhosis

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20
Q

What is Lofgren’s Syndrome?

A

Erythema Nodousm and Hilar Adenopathy

Indicates Sarcoidosis and a good prognosis

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21
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Acrodermatitis Enteropathica aka Zinc Deficiency

May be inherited due to deficiency in Zinc transporter (presents in Neonates)

May be acquired due to deficiency in dietary Zinc (presents in Adults)

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22
Q

What is Acanthosis Nigricans?

A

Hyperpigmented plaque that occurs at skin folds like the neck and Axilla in patients with Diabetes

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23
Q

What is the distinct pattern of Steroid Acne and why do Steroids cause acne?

A

Steroids cause acne due to their androgenic effects (promote Sebaceus gland activity), leading to papules and pustules without blackheads

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24
Q

If you see this what should you test for?

A

Test for Diabetes because that’s Acanthosis Nigricans

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25
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Alopecia Areata; due to autoimmune destruction of hair

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26
Q

What other disorders is Alopecia Areata associated with?

A

Autoimmune disorders like Thyroid disease

Consider screening

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27
Q

What is Hirsutism and what causes it?

A

Hirsutism is a woman growing hair in male areas like the face, and it’s due to the Androgenic effects of Cushings/Steroids

28
Q

What do these patches suggest?

A

Sweet’s Syndrome, because they’re erythematous and edematous on the head/neck/upper extremities

29
Q

What does Pruritis mean?

A

Itchy

30
Q

What are these and what causes them?

A

Cholesterol emboli; due to catheterization or anticoagulation/thrombolytics breaking up a Choleserol plaque and forming emboli/infarcts

31
Q

How is Alopecia treated?

A

Doesn’t need treatment since hair will recover naturally, but can use topical steroids and immunomodulators for small areas and oral steroids for large areas

32
Q

How would you treat this, and what is it?

A

Vitiligo: treat with topical steoids and Calcineurin inhibitors for small areas, or phototherapy and grafting for large areas

33
Q

What is this and what does it suggest?

A

Goiter, due to enlargement of the Thyroid gland, suggesting Hypothyroidism

34
Q

What disease is this and what causes it?

A

Graves disease; due to connective tissue depositing around the eyes and creating this bulging appearance

35
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Statis Dermatitis; due to venous insufficiency leading to blood pooling in the legs and ultimately ulcerations, typically over the Medial Malleoulus

36
Q

How does Cirrhosis present?

A

Jaundice + Gynecomastia + Caput Medusae + Spider Angiomas

37
Q

What is Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

A condition of overproduction of steroids, or may be due to steroid use

38
Q

How does Endocarditis manifest?

A

Painful Osler’s (Ouch) nodes in the fingers/digits and Painless Janeway lesions in the palm/sole

39
Q

What is this and what could cause it?

A

Caput Medusae, associated with Cirrhosis and due to Portal Hypertension causing abdominal wall vessel dilation

40
Q

What is this and how do you treat it?

A

Wilson’s Disease, due to Kayser Fleischer ring around the eye

Treat with Penicillamine to chelate the Copper overload

41
Q

What is Calciphylaxis?

A

Calcific Uremic Arteriolapthy due to calcification of blood vessels and ensuing skin necrosis in ESRD patients

42
Q

What are these and what do they suggest?

A

These are Striae, caused by skin atrophy as a result of Cushing’s/Steroids

43
Q

What causes Uremic Pruritis and what fixes it?

A

Common in Hemodialysis patients, due to mast cell increases leading to itching

Fixed with renal transplant

44
Q

How is Vitiligo Diagnosed?

A

Clinical diagnoses, can use Wood’s lamp

45
Q

If you see this what should you do?

A

Possibly Lynch Syndrome due to Sebaceous Adenoma (since it’s in the hair)

Colorectal cancer screen due to DNA repair mutation

46
Q

What is this and what does it suggest?

A

Moon facies - Cushing’s/Steroids

47
Q

What is the difference between Alopeciea Totalis and Alopecia Universalis?

A

Both are Alopecia Areata variants

Totalis = lose all scalp hair

Universalis = lose all body hair

48
Q

How does Scurvy present and how is it treated?

A

Corkscrew hairs + givigivits + perifollicular purpura

Treat with Vit C

49
Q

What is Hemochromatosis?

A

A diffuse cutaneous hyperpigmentation due to a mutation in an iron transporter, associated with Iron overload

50
Q

What is Addison’s Disease?

A

Adrenal insufficiency

51
Q

What causes clubbing?

A

Chronic Low O2 delivery to the hands

52
Q

What disorders is Vitiligo associated with?

A

Autoimmune disorders: Alopecia, Thyroid Disease, DIM, Addison’s

Screen for these if you dx Vitiligo

53
Q

How does Addison’s disease present and why?

A

In Addison’s, lack of hormones leads to excess ACTH attempted stimulation; ACTH can mimic Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone at high conc, leading to Hyperpigmentation

Leads to hyperpigmentation at sites of trauma/skin creases

54
Q

What is this and how do you treat it?

A

Stasis Dermatits; since it’s due to venous insufficiency, treat it by supporting venous return

55
Q

What is this and why?

A

Pyoderma Gangrenosum, due to the undermined borders (grey stuff extends beyond and under incision) as well as cribiform (well-defined spaces) appearance with overlying purulence

56
Q

Why do Cryglobulins precipitate in the lower extremities?

A

Dependent distribution pulls the immunoglobulins down to the legs

57
Q

What is this and what could cause it?

A

Spider Angiomas; may be normal or may be due to increased circulating Estrogens in Cirrhosis

58
Q

How does Generalized Myxedema present and how is it treated?

A

Presents as non-pitting edema diffusely in the face and body, due to severe Hypothyroidism

Treated with Thyroid hormone supplementation

59
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis - due to immunoglobulins precipiting in the cold and blocking vessels in the lower extremities (dependent distribution)

Associated with Hepatitis C

60
Q

How do Lofgren’s Syndrome and Lupus Pernio compare?

A

Both suggest Sarcoidosis, but Lupus Pernio has a bad prognosis while Lofgren’s has a good prognosis

61
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Vitiligo - depigmented white patches due to autoimmune response gainst Melaoncytes

No melanocytes in the effected areas, and any area can be effected

62
Q

What is this and what can treat it?

A

Pyoderma Gangrenosum; due to neutrophilic infiltrate and must be treated with Prednisone

63
Q

What is this and where is it found? Also, what is it asssociated with?

A

Lichen Planus: idiopathic inflammatory condition characterized by purple, polygonal, pruritic, planar papular rashes on the wrists and ankles

Hepatitis C

64
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Sebaceous Adenoma since it’s found in the hair, pointing strongly to Lynch Syndrome

Due to an Autosomal Dominant mutation in DNA mismatch repair genes, increasing risk for Colorectal cancer

65
Q

What is this and what causes it?

A

Erythema Nodosum; due to inflammation of Subcutaneous fat leading to tender nodules around the Tibia

66
Q

In a patient with TB, what is this?

A

Scrofuloderma, a cutaneous manifestation of a TB nodule due to an underlying lymph node

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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