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MSK/Derm > SM 218: Cartilage Histology > Flashcards

SM 218: Cartilage Histology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is Cartilage?

A

Cartilage is a rubbery, flexible matrix that covers the end of bones

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2
Q

What type of tissue is Cartilage?

A

Cartilage is a type of Connective Tissue

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3
Q

What are the general functions of Cartilage?

A

Support the body, articulate joints, attachment site for muscles and precursor for bone development

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4
Q

What are the two components of Cartilage?

A

Cellular and extracellular matrix

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5
Q

What makes up the cellular component of Cartilage?

A

Cells called chondrocytes, which produce the extracellular matrix

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6
Q

What is the extracellular component of Cartilage?

A

The extracellular matrix, produced by chondrocytes

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of Cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

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8
Q

Which type of Cartilage is most prevalent?

A

Hyaline cartilage is the most prevalent type of cartilage

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9
Q

What makes up the extracellular matrix of Hyaline cartilage?

A

Type II collagen and proteoglycans

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10
Q

Where is Hyaline cartilage most commonly found?

A

Respiratory tract, nose

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11
Q

What type of fibers are found in the extracellular matrix of Elastic cartilage?

A

Elastic fibers

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12
Q

Where is Elastic cartilage found?

A

Elastic cartilage is found in the epiglottis and the external ear

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13
Q

What type of fibers make up the extracellular matrix of Fibrocartilage?

A

Type I collagen, found in thick bundles in the extracellular matrix

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14
Q

What type of cartilage does Type II collagen contribute to?

A

Type II = Hyaline

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15
Q

What type of cartilage does Type I collagen contribute to?

A

Type I = Fibrocartilage

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16
Q

What is the common proteoglycan found in Hyaline cartilage?

A

Hyalurinic acid

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17
Q

Where is Fibrocartilage found?

A

Intevertebral disks and meniscus

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18
Q

What is the Perichondrium?

A

Dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

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19
Q

Where is Perichondrium not found?

A

Perichondrium is absent in joints

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20
Q

What are Chondrocytes?

A

Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells in spaces within the extracellular matrix known as lacunar spaces

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21
Q

What are Lacunar spaces?

A

Gaps in the extracellular spaces that hold Chondrocytes

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22
Q

What are Isogenous groups?

A

Newly formed clusters of Chondrocytes derived from the same parent cell

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23
Q

What is Territorial matrix?

A

A type of newly secreted extracellular matrix found around Isogenous groups

24
Q

What is Interterritorial matrix?

A

A type of older extracellular matrix between Chondrocytes

25
Q

Which is older, Interterritorial matrix or Territorial matrix?

A

Interterritorial matrix is older

26
Q

Which is younger, Territorial matrix or Interterritorial matrix?

A

Territorial matrix is younger

27
Q

Which is associated with Isogenous groups, Territorial or Interterritorial matrix?

A

Territorial matrix is younger and associated with newly formed Chondrocytes in Isogenous groups

28
Q

What is the major component of Cartilage?

A

Water (60%)

29
Q

How do water and GAG’s contribute to Cartilage?

A

GAG’s have negative charges that interact with water to provide viscosity, strength, and flexibility

30
Q

What is the major GAG?

A

Hyaluronic Acid

31
Q

What attaches cells to the extracellular matrix of Collagen?

A

Structural glycoproteins

32
Q

What do structural glycoproteins do in Collagen?

A

Structural Glycoproteins attach cells to the extracellular matrix

33
Q

What embryonic layer forms Cartilage?

A

Mesoderm

34
Q

What composes most embryonic bones?

A

Cartilage

35
Q

What is endocondral ossification?

A

The process of Cartilage become bone in most bones, where Cartilage is systematically replaced by bone, except in the flat bones of the skull

36
Q

What is intramembranous ossification?

A

The process of direct development of mesenchymal tissue into bone, occurring mainly in the flat bones of the skull

37
Q

What process forms the long bones?

A

Endochondral ossification

38
Q

What process forms the flat bones of the skull?

A

Intramembranous ossification

39
Q

What are the zones of endochondral ossification?

A

The 3 zones are: Zone of Proliferation = rapidly dividing chondrocytes Zone of Hypertrophy = hypertrophy before calcify Zone of Ossification = calcium deposits + osteoblasts

40
Q

What occurs in the Zone of proliferation?

A

Chondrocytes rapidly divide

41
Q

What occurs in the Zone of hypertrophy?

A

Chondrocytes rapidly grow larger

42
Q

What occurs in the Zone of ossification?

A

Calcium starts to deposit, allowing for Cartilage to become bone, and Osteoblasts move in

43
Q

Which zone of Cartilage involves mitosis?

A

Zone of proliferation

44
Q

Which zone of Cartilage contains bone forming cells?

A

Zone of ossification (Osteoblasts)

45
Q

Which type of Cartilage has a homogenous appearing matrix?

A

Hyaline cartilage, because there are no fibers in the matrix

46
Q

What is this and where is it found?

A

Hyaline cartilage due to homogenous matrix without fibers

Found at the ends of bones, nose, and respiratory tract

47
Q

What is this and where is it found?

A

Elastic cartilage due to the thin fibers in the matrix

Found in the Epiglottis

48
Q

What is this and where is it found?

A

Elastic cartilage due to the thin fibers running between cells

Found in the Epiglottis

49
Q

What is this and where is it found?

A

Fibrocartilage due to the layers of collagen between cells

Found in vertebral disks to resist compressive forces, as opposed to tension forces like other Collagen

50
Q

What is this and where is it found?

A

Fibrocartilage due to the layers of collagen between cells

Found in vertebral disks to resist compressive forces, as opposed to tension forces like other Collagen

51
Q

Which form of Cartilage is associated with a “Herringbone” pattern?

A

Fibrocartilage, because the alternating layers of collagen makes a Chevron appearance

52
Q

What is the yellow arrow point to?

A

Isogenous groups

53
Q

What is the upper blue arrow pointing to?

A

Lacunar space, where a Chondrocyte would be found

54
Q

What types of Cartilage cells are these?

A

Chondroblasts, found in a fetus, because they are so numerous = immature chondrocytes

55
Q

What are the 4 layers from right to left?

A

Rightmost: Reserve Cartilage

Zone of Proliferation

Zone of Hypertrophy

Leftmost: Zone of Ossification

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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