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MSK/Derm > SM 263: Bacterial and Fungal Skin Infections > Flashcards

SM 263: Bacterial and Fungal Skin Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are Dermatophytoses?

A

Fungal infections of the skin

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2
Q

What are the 3 groups of cutaneous fungi that cause superficial infections?

A

Dermatophytes, Malassezia spp, Candida spp.

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3
Q

What tissue do Dermatophytes infect?

A

Keratinized tissues such as the stratum corneum, the nail, and the hair

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4
Q

What does the term Tinea refer to?

A

Dermatophytoses, specific to the site of location: tinea pedis = foot

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5
Q

What is Tinea capitis?

A

A dermatophytosis of the scalp and hair spread by contact with humans and fomites

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6
Q

Can inanimate objects like hair brushes spread Tinea capitis?

A

Yes, because it spreads by fomites

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7
Q

Is Tinea capitis inflammatory on noninflammatory?

A

Both; Kerion is inflammatory

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8
Q

What is a Kerion?

A

A painful, inflammatory boggy mass with broken hair follices due to Tinea capitis that can scar

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9
Q

Which topical agent can treat Tinea capitis?

A

None - need to use a systemic agent

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10
Q

What can treat Tinea capitis?

A

A systemic drub like Griseofulvin or Terbafine granules

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11
Q

What shows up as branched septated hypae on KOH?

A

Tinea pedis

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12
Q

What is athletes foot?

A

Tinea pedis

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13
Q

How does Tinea pedis present?

A

Fine scales on the sole of the foot and between toes with vesicles on the bottom/side of the foot

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14
Q

What is the interdigital type of Tinea pedis?

A

The most common type of Tinea pedis, presents with scaling and redness between the toes

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15
Q

What is the mocassin type of Tinea pedis?

A

A form of Tinea pedis with sharply marginated scale alongside the lateral borders of the feet, heels, and shoes

Looks like a lowcut sock

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16
Q

What is the vesiculobullous type of Tinea pedis?

A

A type of Tinea pedis that looks like a bulge on the foot - essentially, it’s not in between toes or on the entire foot

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17
Q

What is Onchomycosis?

A

A fungal infection of the nailbed, which may arise from Tinea pedis infection

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18
Q

How is Onchomycosis treated?

A

Can’t use topical antifungals; need to prove it’s a fungal infection and treat with expensive oral meds

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19
Q

How does Tinea corporis present?

A

An annular lesion with a central clearing

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20
Q

Where does Tinea corporis infect?

A

Infects the body generally

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21
Q

What shows up as short hyphae and small round spores in a “spaghetti and meatball” pattern on KOH exam?

A

Tinea Versicolor

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22
Q

What causes Tinea versicolor?

A

Not a fungi/dermatophytosis; due to overgrowth of Malassezia, a yeast

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23
Q

How does Tinea versicolor present?

A

Variable colored often round patches in the trunk, with no visible scale but scale that may be evoked when rubbed with a finger

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24
Q

What is the diagnostic feature of Tinea versicolor?

A

A scale that only appears after being rubbed

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25
Q

How is Tinea versicolor treated?

A

Selenium sulfide shampoo + topical antifungals

Oral antifungals when it recurrs

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26
Q

What is Diaper Candidiasis?

A

Satellite papules and pustules in the diaper area that does not respond to barrier creams like Zinc Oxide

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27
Q

What causes Diaper Candidiasis?

A

Urease enzymes in feces liberate amonia from Urine in dirty diapers that are not changed, disrupting the epidermal barrier and allowing for Candida colonization and the rash

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28
Q

What causes Cutaneous candidiasis?

A

C. albicans

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29
Q

Where is C. albicans normally found?

A

Normal flora in mucous membranes

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30
Q

What is the treatment for Cutaneous candidiasis?

A

Topical antifungals

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31
Q

What is Candidal Intertrigo?

A

Candidiasis of large skin folds associated with obesity and diabetus

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32
Q

What is seen on KOH exam of Candidal Intertrigo?

A

Psuedohyphae

33
Q

How is Candidal Intertrio treated?

A

Topical antifungals

34
Q

What is thrush?

A

Mucocutaneous candidiasis

35
Q

What is Sporotrichosis?

A

A subcutaneous infection caused by Sporothrix Schenickii fungi that causes a chain of dermal nodules along a lymph course

36
Q

Where is Sporotrichosis acquired?

A

Sporothrix grows in decaying vegetable matter

37
Q

If you see broad based buds, think…?

A

Blastomycosis

38
Q

Where does Blastomycosis infect?

A

Commonly infects lungs and disseminates to skin of face/extremities

39
Q

What are superficial pyodermas?

A

Infections in the epidermis

40
Q

Which layer of skin does Impetigo infect?

A

Below the Stratum Corneum

41
Q

Where does Folliculitis effect?

A

The hair

42
Q

What is Bullous Impetigo?

A

A bacterial infection caused by S. aureus exotoxin

43
Q

How does the S. aureus exotoxin cause Bullous Impetigo?

A

Exotoxin binds Desmoglein-1 in children

44
Q

What can the S. aureus exotoxin cause?

A

Bullous impetigo in localized areas or Scalded Skin Syndrome if generalized

45
Q

What does Non-bullous Impetigo look like?

A

Honey-colored crust

46
Q

What is Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

A DEEP skin infection that results from S. aureus exotoxin in the blood leading to superficial skin peeling

47
Q

What do wound cultures in Scalded Skin Syndrome grow?

A

Nothing at all

48
Q

Who gets Scalded Skin Syndrome?

A

Kids < 5 y/o and adults with renal disease

49
Q

How is Scalded Skin Syndrome treated?

A

Antibiotics + fluids + supportive care

50
Q

What is Scarlet Fever?

A

An exotoxin-triggered reaction with cutaneous manifestations that is a delayed type skin reactivity to strep products

51
Q

Is Scarlet Fever an infection and what causes it?

A

Not a skin infection; caused by Group A Strep SPE-A,B,C Exotoxins

52
Q

How does Scarlet Fever present?

A

Abrupt pharyngitis and fever with rash in 24/48 hours, followed by white and then red strawberry tongue

53
Q

How does the skin change in Scarlet FEver?

A

Head and neck first effected with diffuse sandpaper erythema with circumoral pallor, which later spreads to the whole body

54
Q

What are Pastia’s line?

A

Linear petechia in the skin folds during Scarlet Fever

55
Q

How is Scarlet Fever treated?

A

Penicillin

56
Q

What is Cellulitis?

A

An infection of the Dermis that presents as a spreading erythematous, tender plaque often in the lower leg

57
Q

Where is Cellulitis found and what does it look like?

A

Lower leg; looks like a spreading, erythematous tender plaque

58
Q

What causes Cellulitis?

A

Gram positives like Group A Strep or S.. Aureus

Also bite bugs like Pasteurella and Eikenella

59
Q

How should Cellulitis be treated?

A

Antibiotics with gram positive coverage, and treat Tinea pedis if present (Pedis may cause an entry point for bacteria)

60
Q

What is Erysipelas?

A

A superficial cellulitis of the face and lower extremities that presents with superficial edema and erythema in a sharply-defined border

61
Q

What causes Erysipelas?

A

Group A Strep

62
Q

How does an Abscess present?

A

Erythematous, warm, and painful/tender to palpation; pustule surrounded by erythematous edema

63
Q

How is an Abscess treated?

A

Incision and Draininge + wound culutres + antibiotics

64
Q

What is Folliculitis?

A

Small papules and pustules on an erythematous base pierced by a central hair

Due to S. aureus

65
Q

What causes Folliculitis?

A

S. aureus

66
Q

How is Folliculits treated?

A

Clean with soap and water, add anti-staphyloccocal agents

67
Q

What causes Furuncles and Carbuncles?

A

S. aureus

68
Q

What causes Anthrax?

A

Bacillus Anthracis, endemic to wild and domestic animals

69
Q

What does Bacillus Anthracis look like on slides?

A

Large, box-car shaped gram-positive

70
Q

What does cutaneous Anthrax look like?

A

A black eschar

71
Q

What is “Lues”?

A

Syphillis

72
Q

What causes Syphillis?

A

Treponema Pallidum

73
Q

How does Syphillis present?

A

On the palms and soles, but could look like a lot of things

74
Q

What is the test for Syphillis?

A

RPR with Prozone

75
Q

What is the treatment for Syphillis?

A

Penicillin

76
Q

How might TB effect the skin?

A

Lupus Vulgaris and Scrofulderma

77
Q

What causes fish tank granulomas?

A

M. marinum

78
Q

What causes chronic granulations of the skin?

A

M. leprae

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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