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MSK/Derm > SM 223: Organization of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

SM 223: Organization of the Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What are the compartments of the thigh?

A

AMP

Anterior - Flex hip + extend knee

Medial - Adduct thigh

Posterior - Extend hip + flex knee

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2
Q

What muscles are innervated in the anterior compartment of the thigh, and what functions do they perform?

A

Anterior Thigh:

Quadriceps femoris + Iliopsoas

Femoral Nerve

Flex hip + Extend Knee

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3
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Anterior thigh:

Patella + Tibial Tuberosity + Lesser Trochanter

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4
Q

What muscles are innervated in the medial compartment of the thigh, and what actions do they perform?

A

Medial Thigh:

Adductor Longus + Adductor Magnus

Obtruator Nerve

Adduct Thigh

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5
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the medial thigh?

A

Medial Thigh:

Adductor tubercle

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6
Q

What mucles are innervated in the posterior thigh, and what actions do they perform?

A

Posterior Thigh:

Hamstrings (Semimembranous + Semitendinnosus)

Sciatic (Tibial portion)

Extend hip and Flex knee

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7
Q

What skeletal landmarks are found in the posterior thigh?

A

Posterior Thigh:

Ischial Tuberosity

*Despite being innervated by the Tibial Nerve, the Tibial Tuberosity is Anterior

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8
Q

What are the compartments of the leg?

A

PAL

Posterior - Plantarflex Feet + Toes
Anterior - Dorsiflex Feet + Toes
Lateral - Plantarflex Feet

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9
Q

What muscles are innervated in the posterior leg, and what functions do they perform?

A

Posterior Leg:

Triceps Surae + Flexor Digitorum Longus

Tibial Nerve

Plantarflexion of the Feet and Toes

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10
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the posterior leg?

A

Posterior Leg:

Calcaneus + Medial Malleolus of the Tibia

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11
Q

What parts of the leg and thigh are supplied by the Tibial nerve?

A

Posterior Leg + Posterior Thigh

The Tibial nerve is an offshot of the Sciatic nerve

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12
Q

What muscles are innervated in the anterior compartment of the leg, and what functions do they perform?

A

Anterior Leg:

Tibialis Anterior + Extensor Digitorum Longus

Deep Fibular Nerve

Dorsiflexion of the Feet and Toes

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13
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the anterior leg?

A

None

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14
Q

What muscles are innervated in the lateral leg, and what functions do they perform?

A

Lateral Leg:

Fibularis Longus

Superficial Fibular Nerve

Plantarflexion of Feet

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15
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the lateral leg?

A

Lateral Leg:

Lateral malleolus of the Fibulaa

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16
Q

What nerves make up the Lumbosacral plexus?

A

FOSICT

Femoral

Obturator

Superior Gluteal

Inferior Gluteal

Common Fibular

Tibial

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17
Q

What vertebrae and which parts of the nerves contribute to the Lumbosacral plexus?

A

The Lumbosacral plexus is found in the hip area, and is made of the Ventral Rami of L1 - L5 + S1 - S3

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18
Q

What type of joint is the Hip and what bones comprise it?

A

The Hip is a Ball and Socket Joint

Head of Femur + Acetabelum of Pelvis

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19
Q

How do the mobility and stability of the hip differ from the shoulder and why?

A

The Hip is less mobile and more stable than the Shoulder

Strong Iliofemoral and Ischiofemoral Ligaments restrict movement

The Acetabelum of the Pelvis has a deep groove

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20
Q

What are the strong ligaments of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral and Ischiofemoral

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21
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate Flexion of the hip?

A

Hip Flexion:

Rectus (Quadriceps) Femoris + Iliopsoas

Femoral Nerve

Anterior Thigh Compartment driven action

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22
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate extension of the Hip?

A

Hip Extension:

Hamstrings - Tibial Nerve

Gluteus Maximus - Inferior Gluteal

23
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate adduction of the Hip?

A

Hip Adduction:

Adductor Longus + Adductor Magnus

Obturator Nerve

Medial Thigh Compartment driven process

24
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate abduction of the Hip?

A

Hip Abduction:

Gluteus Medius + Gluteus Minimus

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Despite expections, the G. Maximus uses the Inferior G. Nerve

25
What muscles and nerves mediate medial rotation of the hip?
Hip Medial Rotation: Gluteus Medius + Gluteus Minimus Superior Gluteal Nerve Same group as Hip Abduction
26
What muscles and nerves mediate Lateral Rotation of the hip?
Hip Lateral Rotation: Gluteus Maximus Inferior Gluteal Nerve Despite expectation, the G. Maximus uses the Inferior G. Nerve
27
What action does the Gluteus Maximus mediate and what nerves does it use?
Gluteus Maximus: Hip Extension via Inferior Gluteal Nerve
28
What action do the Gluteus Medius and Minimus mediate and what nerves do they use?
Gluteus Medius and Minimus: Hip Abduction via Superior Gluteal Nerve
29
What action do the Hip Lateral Rotators mediate and with what nerves?
Hip Lateral Rotators ex Piriformis: Lateral Rotation + Hip Stabilization Small Branches of the Lumbosacral Plexus
30
What action does the Tensor Fascia Latae mediate and what nerves does it use?
Tensor Fascia Latae: Knee Stabilization Superior Gluteal Nerve
31
What type of joint is the Knee and what bones are involved?
The Knee is a bicondylar joint composed of the Femur, Patella, and Tibia
32
What type of movement can the Knee joint perform?
Knee Joint: Primarily Flexion and Extension
33
What ligaments hold the Knee together?
Knee Ligaments: Anterior Cruciate Ligaments Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments Patellar Ligament
34
What muscles Flex the Knee and what nerves supply them?
Knee Flexors: Hamstrings Tibial Nerve
35
What muscles are responsible for Knee Extending?
Knee Extending: Quadriceps Femoris Femoral Nerve
36
What muscles are responsible for Knee Lateral Rotation?
Knee Lateral Rotation: Popliteus (back of Knee) Tibial Nerve
37
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament and what types of injury could damage it?
The ACL prevents the Femur from sliding behind the Tibia (or the Tibia from sliding in front of the Femur) The ACL protects against hyperextension and excessive rotation, so a sudden twisting motion could tear it
38
What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament and what could damage it?
The PCL prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur and protects against hyperflexion Blunt trauma to the tibia against a fixed femur and foot could cause the tibia to slide backward and rupture the PCL
39
Why might damage to the medial collateral ligament damage the anterior cruciate ligament?
Damaging the MCL can dislocate the meniscus, which is connected to the MCL In turn, the displaced meniscus can damage the ACL
40
What bones make up the ankle joint and what type of joint is it?
The Ankle joint is a hinge joint made of: Crus (Tibia and Fibula) + Talus
41
Which ligaments provide stability to the upper ankly joint and how?
Lateral Collateral Ligament = prevent excessive inversion Medial Ligament = Prevent excessive eversion
42
What are the major movements of the ankle joint?
Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion
43
What makes up the lower ankle joint?
Lower Ankle Joint: Subtalar Joint + Transverse Tarsal Joints
44
What muscles mediate foot dorsiflexion and how does it relate to walking?
Foot dorsiflexion while walking refers to lifting toes up to clear the group before the heel touches ground Extensor Digitorum Longus via Deep Fibular Nerve
45
What muscles mediate foot plantarflexion and what role does this play in walking?
Plantarflexion refers to pushing the body over the planted feet to propel the body forward Triceps Surae and Flexor Digitorum Longus via Tibial Nerve
46
What role do foot invertors play while walking?
Foot invertors (and evertors) adapt to substrate/shock absorption Tibialis Anterior and Tibialis Posterior
47
What role do foot evertors play in walking?
Foot evertors (and invertors) adapt to substrate/shock absorption Fibularis longus via Superficial Fibular nerve
48
Does the foot have a longitudinal or a transverse arch?
The foot has both a longitudinal and a transverse arch
49
What supports the longitudinal arch of the foot?
The Plantar aponeurosis
50
What supports the transverse arch of the foot?
The Fibularis longus
51
What intrinsic foot muscles manipulate the big toe?
Abductor hallucis Adductor hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis Supplied by Medial Plantar Nerve
52
What intrinsic foot muscles manipulate the small toe?
Abducotr digiti minimi Flexor digiti minimi Innervated by Lateral Plantar Nerve
53
What does the Medial Planter Nerve supply?
Intrinsic foot muscles associated with the big toe Abductor allucis Flexor hallucis brevis
54
What does the Lateral Planter nerve supply?
Everything other than the big foot muscles: Adductor hallucis Quadratus plantae Digiti minimi

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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