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MSK/Derm > SM 223: Organization of the Lower Limb > Flashcards

SM 223: Organization of the Lower Limb Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the compartments of the thigh?

A

AMP

Anterior - Flex hip + extend knee

Medial - Adduct thigh

Posterior - Extend hip + flex knee

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2
Q

What muscles are innervated in the anterior compartment of the thigh, and what functions do they perform?

A

Anterior Thigh:

Quadriceps femoris + Iliopsoas

Femoral Nerve

Flex hip + Extend Knee

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3
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Anterior thigh:

Patella + Tibial Tuberosity + Lesser Trochanter

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4
Q

What muscles are innervated in the medial compartment of the thigh, and what actions do they perform?

A

Medial Thigh:

Adductor Longus + Adductor Magnus

Obtruator Nerve

Adduct Thigh

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5
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the medial thigh?

A

Medial Thigh:

Adductor tubercle

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6
Q

What mucles are innervated in the posterior thigh, and what actions do they perform?

A

Posterior Thigh:

Hamstrings (Semimembranous + Semitendinnosus)

Sciatic (Tibial portion)

Extend hip and Flex knee

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7
Q

What skeletal landmarks are found in the posterior thigh?

A

Posterior Thigh:

Ischial Tuberosity

*Despite being innervated by the Tibial Nerve, the Tibial Tuberosity is Anterior

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8
Q

What are the compartments of the leg?

A

PAL

Posterior - Plantarflex Feet + Toes
Anterior - Dorsiflex Feet + Toes
Lateral - Plantarflex Feet

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9
Q

What muscles are innervated in the posterior leg, and what functions do they perform?

A

Posterior Leg:

Triceps Surae + Flexor Digitorum Longus

Tibial Nerve

Plantarflexion of the Feet and Toes

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10
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the posterior leg?

A

Posterior Leg:

Calcaneus + Medial Malleolus of the Tibia

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11
Q

What parts of the leg and thigh are supplied by the Tibial nerve?

A

Posterior Leg + Posterior Thigh

The Tibial nerve is an offshot of the Sciatic nerve

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12
Q

What muscles are innervated in the anterior compartment of the leg, and what functions do they perform?

A

Anterior Leg:

Tibialis Anterior + Extensor Digitorum Longus

Deep Fibular Nerve

Dorsiflexion of the Feet and Toes

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13
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the anterior leg?

A

None

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14
Q

What muscles are innervated in the lateral leg, and what functions do they perform?

A

Lateral Leg:

Fibularis Longus

Superficial Fibular Nerve

Plantarflexion of Feet

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15
Q

What are the skeletal landmarks of the lateral leg?

A

Lateral Leg:

Lateral malleolus of the Fibulaa

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16
Q

What nerves make up the Lumbosacral plexus?

A

FOSICT

Femoral

Obturator

Superior Gluteal

Inferior Gluteal

Common Fibular

Tibial

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17
Q

What vertebrae and which parts of the nerves contribute to the Lumbosacral plexus?

A

The Lumbosacral plexus is found in the hip area, and is made of the Ventral Rami of L1 - L5 + S1 - S3

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18
Q

What type of joint is the Hip and what bones comprise it?

A

The Hip is a Ball and Socket Joint

Head of Femur + Acetabelum of Pelvis

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19
Q

How do the mobility and stability of the hip differ from the shoulder and why?

A

The Hip is less mobile and more stable than the Shoulder

Strong Iliofemoral and Ischiofemoral Ligaments restrict movement

The Acetabelum of the Pelvis has a deep groove

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20
Q

What are the strong ligaments of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral and Ischiofemoral

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21
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate Flexion of the hip?

A

Hip Flexion:

Rectus (Quadriceps) Femoris + Iliopsoas

Femoral Nerve

Anterior Thigh Compartment driven action

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22
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate extension of the Hip?

A

Hip Extension:

Hamstrings - Tibial Nerve

Gluteus Maximus - Inferior Gluteal

23
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate adduction of the Hip?

A

Hip Adduction:

Adductor Longus + Adductor Magnus

Obturator Nerve

Medial Thigh Compartment driven process

24
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate abduction of the Hip?

A

Hip Abduction:

Gluteus Medius + Gluteus Minimus

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Despite expections, the G. Maximus uses the Inferior G. Nerve

25
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate medial rotation of the hip?

A

Hip Medial Rotation:

Gluteus Medius + Gluteus Minimus

Superior Gluteal Nerve

Same group as Hip Abduction

26
Q

What muscles and nerves mediate Lateral Rotation of the hip?

A

Hip Lateral Rotation:

Gluteus Maximus

Inferior Gluteal Nerve

Despite expectation, the G. Maximus uses the Inferior G. Nerve

27
Q

What action does the Gluteus Maximus mediate and what nerves does it use?

A

Gluteus Maximus:

Hip Extension via Inferior Gluteal Nerve

28
Q

What action do the Gluteus Medius and Minimus mediate and what nerves do they use?

A

Gluteus Medius and Minimus:

Hip Abduction via Superior Gluteal Nerve

29
Q

What action do the Hip Lateral Rotators mediate and with what nerves?

A

Hip Lateral Rotators ex Piriformis:

Lateral Rotation + Hip Stabilization

Small Branches of the Lumbosacral Plexus

30
Q

What action does the Tensor Fascia Latae mediate and what nerves does it use?

A

Tensor Fascia Latae:

Knee Stabilization

Superior Gluteal Nerve

31
Q

What type of joint is the Knee and what bones are involved?

A

The Knee is a bicondylar joint composed of the Femur, Patella, and Tibia

32
Q

What type of movement can the Knee joint perform?

A

Knee Joint:

Primarily Flexion and Extension

33
Q

What ligaments hold the Knee together?

A

Knee Ligaments:

Anterior Cruciate Ligaments
Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments

Patellar Ligament

34
Q

What muscles Flex the Knee and what nerves supply them?

A

Knee Flexors:

Hamstrings

Tibial Nerve

35
Q

What muscles are responsible for Knee Extending?

A

Knee Extending:

Quadriceps Femoris

Femoral Nerve

36
Q

What muscles are responsible for Knee Lateral Rotation?

A

Knee Lateral Rotation:

Popliteus (back of Knee)

Tibial Nerve

37
Q

What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament and what types of injury could damage it?

A

The ACL prevents the Femur from sliding behind the Tibia (or the Tibia from sliding in front of the Femur)

The ACL protects against hyperextension and excessive rotation, so a sudden twisting motion could tear it

38
Q

What is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament and what could damage it?

A

The PCL prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur and protects against hyperflexion

Blunt trauma to the tibia against a fixed femur and foot could cause the tibia to slide backward and rupture the PCL

39
Q

Why might damage to the medial collateral ligament damage the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

Damaging the MCL can dislocate the meniscus, which is connected to the MCL
In turn, the displaced meniscus can damage the ACL

40
Q

What bones make up the ankle joint and what type of joint is it?

A

The Ankle joint is a hinge joint made of:
Crus (Tibia and Fibula) + Talus

41
Q

Which ligaments provide stability to the upper ankly joint and how?

A

Lateral Collateral Ligament = prevent excessive inversion

Medial Ligament = Prevent excessive eversion

42
Q

What are the major movements of the ankle joint?

A

Plantarflexion and Dorsiflexion

43
Q

What makes up the lower ankle joint?

A

Lower Ankle Joint:

Subtalar Joint + Transverse Tarsal Joints

44
Q

What muscles mediate foot dorsiflexion and how does it relate to walking?

A

Foot dorsiflexion while walking refers to lifting toes up to clear the group before the heel touches ground

Extensor Digitorum Longus via Deep Fibular Nerve

45
Q

What muscles mediate foot plantarflexion and what role does this play in walking?

A

Plantarflexion refers to pushing the body over the planted feet to propel the body forward

Triceps Surae and Flexor Digitorum Longus via Tibial Nerve

46
Q

What role do foot invertors play while walking?

A

Foot invertors (and evertors) adapt to substrate/shock absorption

Tibialis Anterior and Tibialis Posterior

47
Q

What role do foot evertors play in walking?

A

Foot evertors (and invertors) adapt to substrate/shock absorption

Fibularis longus via Superficial Fibular nerve

48
Q

Does the foot have a longitudinal or a transverse arch?

A

The foot has both a longitudinal and a transverse arch

49
Q

What supports the longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

The Plantar aponeurosis

50
Q

What supports the transverse arch of the foot?

A

The Fibularis longus

51
Q

What intrinsic foot muscles manipulate the big toe?

A

Abductor hallucis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis

Supplied by Medial Plantar Nerve

52
Q

What intrinsic foot muscles manipulate the small toe?

A

Abducotr digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi

Innervated by Lateral Plantar Nerve

53
Q

What does the Medial Planter Nerve supply?

A

Intrinsic foot muscles associated with the big toe

Abductor allucis

Flexor hallucis brevis

54
Q

What does the Lateral Planter nerve supply?

A

Everything other than the big foot muscles:

Adductor hallucis

Quadratus plantae

Digiti minimi

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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