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MSK/Derm > SM 235: MSK Trauma > Flashcards

SM 235: MSK Trauma Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What should an MSK history focus on?

A

PDD:

Pain
Disability
Deformity

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2
Q

What should the MSK Physical Exam focus on?

A

Examine the entire extremity:

Inspection
Palpation
Range-of-Motion of Joints
Neurovascular Exam

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3
Q

What are the imaging options in MSK?

A

Xrays
Bone Scans
CT Scan
MRI

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4
Q

When should an Xray be used?

A

An Xray is used to look at bones and give a big picture of what’s going on

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5
Q

When should DXA bone scans be used?

A

Bone scans look at the entire extremity for anything abnormal, including: Fractures, arthritis, and tumors

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6
Q

What can be seen on DXA scans?

A

FAT:

Fractures
Arthritis
Tumors

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7
Q

When should a CT Scan be used?

A

Use a CT Scan for bone anatomy in higher detail than an Xray, such as fractures around joints

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8
Q

If you suspect a fracture around a joint, should you order an Xray or a CT?

A

Order a CT because it gives you more detail

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9
Q

When should an MRI be used?

A

Use an MRI for examining soft tissues and bone marrow signal, for things like: muscle tears, tumors, ligament ruptures

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10
Q

If you suspect a ligament tear, what scan should you order?

A

Ligament = soft tissue = order MRI

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11
Q

Compare and contrast a Strain to a Sprain?

A 
Strain = tear of muscle or tendon 
Sprain = tear of a ligament
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12
Q

What is a tear of a muscle or tendon?

A

Strain

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13
Q

What is a tear of a ligament?

A

Sprain

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14
Q

What is a closed fracture?

A

A broken bone with intact skin

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15
Q

What is an open fracture?

A

A broken bone where the skin is violated and the boen is exposed to the outside environment

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16
Q

What is a Reduction?

A

A Reduction refers to the act of aligning bone fragments back into their normal anatomic locatoin

17
Q

What is a Fixation?

A

A Fixation refers to methods of holding a bone in place

18
Q

What general approach refers to manipulating a broken leg or arm?

A

A Reduction manipulates a broken leg or arm by aligning the fragments of bone back into place

19
Q

What general approach refers to casts and screws and rods?

A

A Fixation, because these hold bones in place physically

20
Q

What is an ORIF?

A

Open Reduction Internal Fixation

Make an incision and use hardware to fix a fracture

21
Q

How should an open fracture be treated?

A

IDF

Irrigation
Debridement
Fixation

22
Q

Why is an Open Fracture an emergency?

A

It’s an emergency because the bone is exposed to the environment and there is a high risk of infection

23
Q

What does Irrigation refer to?

A

Getting rid of bacteria by cleaning a wound with solution

24
Q

What does Debridement refer to?

A

Removing dead tissue by cutting it out

25
Q

What does Fixation refer to?

A

Physically holding bones in place, potentially with screws and rods

26
Q

Why do we fix hip fractures?

A

Hip fractures are extremely painful and leave you immobile, so we fix them to improve mobility and quality of life

27
Q

Compare and contrast external and internal fixation?

A

External fixation: large soft tissue injuries, outside of body, temporary + for emergencies

Internal fixation: into bone marrow, long-term

28
Q

Describe external fixation and when it’s used?

A

External fixation: large soft tissue injuries, rod outside of body, temporary + for emergencies

29
Q

Describe internal fixation and when it’s used?

A

Internal fixation: rod into bone marrow, long-term

30
Q

What does “none” fixation refer to?

A

Letting the body heal itself with just a sling/brace/cast

31
Q

Do most ortho injuries get better on their own, and with what supplements?

A

Yes - rest, ice/heat, compression, elevation, PT, NSAIDS, brace/cast

32
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Compartment Syndrome?

A

Increased pressure in a compartment leads to compression of blood vessels and ischemia, causing permanent tissue/nerve damage if left untreated

33
Q

What can cause Compartment Syndrome?

A

Lots of things:

Injury - inflammation/edema
Fracture
Vascular/Crush injury

34
Q

How does Compartment Syndrome present?

A

5 P’s of Compartment Syndrome:

Pain - out of proportion to injury and with stretching
Pallor 
Paralysis
Pulselessness
Parasthesia
35
Q

How does the effected compartment appear in Compartment Syndrome?

A

Rock-hard, tense, swollen, extremely sensitive to pain and painful stretching of toes/fingers

36
Q

What is the treatment for Compartment Syndrome and how does it work?

A

Must release pressure via surgical fasciotomy - make a big cut in all compartments of the effected limb and let it decompress to restore blood flow

37
Q

What is a Pathologic Fracture and give an example?

A

Pathologic fracture is fracture through abnormal bone

Ex. Metastatic bone disease

38
Q

What is Metastatic Bone Disease?

A

Cancer that spreads to bone and degrades the normal structure, leading to Pathologic Fracture

BLTKP met’s

39
Q

What types of cancer can lead to Metastatic Bone Disease and result in Pathologic Fracture?

A

BLTKP

Bone Cancer
Lung Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Kidney Cancer
Prostate Cancer

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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