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MSK/Derm > SM 219: Bone Histology > Flashcards

SM 219: Bone Histology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the 2 types of bones?

A

Flat bones and Long bones

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2
Q

What are Flat bones?

A

Flat bones include: skull bones, the bones of the face, and clavicles

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3
Q

What are Long bones?

A

Anything that isn’t a Flat bone

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4
Q

What are the parts of the Long bone?

A

EDM CMP Epiphysis - End of long bone Diaphysis - Shaft of long bone Metaphysis - End of Diaphysis with Epiphysial plate Cortex - Outer portion of long bone Medullary Cavity - Inner portion of long bone Periosteum - Outer layer of dense CT surrounding long bone

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5
Q

What is the Epiphysis?

A

The end of a long bone

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6
Q

What is the Diaphysis?

A

The shaft of a long bone

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7
Q

What is the Metaphysis?

A

The tapering end of the Diaphysis that contains the epiphyseal plate

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8
Q

What is the end of the Diaphysis?

A

The Metaphysis

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9
Q

What contains the Epiphyseal Plate

A

The Metaphysis

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10
Q

What is the Epiphyseal plate?

A

The cartilage plate between the Diaphysis and the Epiphysis where bone growth occurs

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11
Q

What is the cortex of a long bone?

A

The outer portion of bone made of lamellar/compact bone that contains Haversian systems

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12
Q

What is the Medullary Cavity of a long bone?

A

The inner portion of a long bone composed of trabecular/spongy bone

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13
Q

What is the Periosteum?

A

The thin outermost layer of dense connective tissue surrounding the bone

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14
Q

Is bone dynamic or static?

A

Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes remodelling by osteoblasts (appositon) and osteoclasts (resorption)

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15
Q

What role do osteoblasts play in bone remodeling?

A

Osteoblasts contribute to bone apposition

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16
Q

What role do osteoclasts play in bone remodeling?

A

Osteoclasts contribute to bone resportion

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17
Q

How long does it take for bone to be totally turned over?

A

5 years

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18
Q

What contributes to bone apposition?

A

Osteoblasts mediate bone apposition

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19
Q

What contributes to bone resorption?

A

Osteoclasts mediate bone resorption

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20
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Cells that produce bone found on the surface of existing bone

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21
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells that sit in Lacunae and are connected by Canaliculi

Ostoblasts become Osteocytes

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22
Q

What is the developmental fate of Osteoblasts?

A

Osteoblasts become Osteocytes that sit in Lacunae

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23
Q

What are Osteoclasts?

A

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that resorb bone, and are derived from monocytes/macrophages

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24
Q

Which bone cells are multinucleated?

A

Osteoclasts

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25
Q

Which bone cells are derived from monocytes/macrophages?

A

Osteoclasts

26
Q

Describe the composition of bone?

A

70% inorganic (Hydroxyapatite)
30% organic (Type I Collagen)

27
Q

What is Hydroxyapatite?

A

Hydroxyapatite = Calcium + Phosphate

28
Q

How is Type I Collagen mineralized in bone?

A

Type I Collagen is mineralized through exocytosis of small vesicles from osteoblasts filled with Alkaline Phosphatase and Pyrophosphatase to bind CaPO4 and initiate mineralization

29
Q

What are the key bone synthesizing enzymes in Osteoblasts?

A

Alkaline Phosphatase + Pyrophosphatase

30
Q

What is Trabecular bone?

A

Trabecular bone = Spongy bone

Bone made of trabeculated spaces that are surrounded by fat, vessels, and hematopoietic tissue

31
Q

What is Cortical bone?

A

Cortical bone = Compact bone

Cortical bone is dense and made of Haverisian systems

32
Q

Which type of bone produces new cells?

A

Trabecular bone, because it contains hematopoietic tissue aka marrow

33
Q

What are Haversian systems?

A

Haversian systems = Osteons

Osteons are the structural unit of compact bone

Osteocytes surround a central canal that carries blood vessels and nerve fibers, and form concentric layers of bone around the canal

34
Q

What is the structural unit of compact bone?

A

Osteons = Haversian systems

35
Q

What is Endochondral ossification?

A

New bone developing from and replacing Hyaline cartilage in long bones, bones at the base of the skull, and short bones in the hands and feet

36
Q

Where does Endochondral ossification occur?

A

Occurs in:
Long bones
Bones at base of skull
Short bones of hands and feet

37
Q

What is Intramembranous ossification?

A

New bone developing directly from undifferentiated connective tissue (primitive mesenchyme)

38
Q

Where does Intramembranous ossification occur?

A

Intramembranous ossification occurs in the flat bones of the face, cranial bones, and clavicles

39
Q

Which form of ossification requires a “cartilage scaffold”

A

Endochondrial ossification requires a Hyaline cartilage scaffold

Intramembranous ossification is directly from undifferentiated primitive mesenchyme

40
Q

What is a primary ossification center?

A

A primary ossification center is the area from which bone first starts to grow in a long bone

41
Q

What is a secondary ossification center?

A

An area in the spongy bone portion of a long bone where bone also forms

42
Q

What are the two types of bone deposition?

A

Woven/immature bone and Mature/lamellar bone

43
Q

What is woven bone?

A

Woven bone = immature bone

Newly formed bone without organized lamellae

Contains Osteoid at the leading edge

44
Q

What is Osteoid?

A

Osteoid is a gelatneous substance formed at the leading edge of Woven bone that is not yet mineralized

45
Q

What is the role of Osteoblasts and Osteoid in Woven bone?

A

Osteoblasts secrete Alkaline Phosphatase and Pyrophosphatase containing vesicles in deposit inorganic material and mineralize the gelatinous Osteoid at the leading edge of a Woven bone

46
Q

Describe Mature bone?

A

Mature bone = Lamellar bone

Containes organized, layers of mineralized bone

47
Q

What is the top arrow point to?

A

An Osteocyte, because the space it’s sitting in is a Lacunae

48
Q

What is the bottom arrow pointing to?

A

An Osteoblast, because it sits on the surface of the bone where it synthesizes new bone

49
Q

What are the arrows pointing to?

A

Multinucleated cells known as Osteoclasts

50
Q

What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Trabeculae surrounded by fat and hematopoietic cells in Trabeculated bone

51
Q

What is the arrow on the left pointing to?

A

Compact Lamellar bone found in the Cortex of a long bone

52
Q

What is the bracket encompassing?

A

The Medullary cavity containing spongy bone

53
Q

What is this and what type of bone is it found in?

A

An Osteon, evidenced by the concentric rings, found in compact bone

54
Q

What is the arrow on the left pointing to?

A

An Osteocyte cannaliculi found in an Haverisian system in Compact bone

55
Q

What is the arrow in the middle pointing to?

A

A canal at the center of a Haverisian system in Compact bone

56
Q

What is the arrow on the right pointing to?

A

An Osteocyte Lacunae in a Haverisian system in Compact bone

57
Q

What are the top 3 arrows pointing to?

A

Primitive mesenchyme forming flat bones through Intramembranous ossification

58
Q

What is the red stuff?

A

New bone that formed from Intramembranous ossification, potentially contributing to a flat bone

59
Q

What is the right most arrow pointing to?

A

Osteoblasts, because they’re on the surface of the new bones being formed via Intramembranous ossification that may develop into a flat bone

60
Q

What type of bone is this and what is the arrow pointing to?

A

This is Mature/Lamellar bone and the arrow is pointing to the organized Lamellae that are characteristic of mature bone

61
Q

What type of bone is this and what is the arrow pointing to?

A

This is a woven/immature bone and the arrow is pointing to an Osteoid that lacks Lamellar structure, indicating it is not a mature bone

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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