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MSK/Derm > SM 219: Bone Histology > Flashcards

SM 219: Bone Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of bones?

A

Flat bones and Long bones

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2
Q

What are Flat bones?

A

Flat bones include: skull bones, the bones of the face, and clavicles

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3
Q

What are Long bones?

A

Anything that isn’t a Flat bone

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4
Q

What are the parts of the Long bone?

A

EDM CMP Epiphysis - End of long bone Diaphysis - Shaft of long bone Metaphysis - End of Diaphysis with Epiphysial plate Cortex - Outer portion of long bone Medullary Cavity - Inner portion of long bone Periosteum - Outer layer of dense CT surrounding long bone

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5
Q

What is the Epiphysis?

A

The end of a long bone

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6
Q

What is the Diaphysis?

A

The shaft of a long bone

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7
Q

What is the Metaphysis?

A

The tapering end of the Diaphysis that contains the epiphyseal plate

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8
Q

What is the end of the Diaphysis?

A

The Metaphysis

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9
Q

What contains the Epiphyseal Plate

A

The Metaphysis

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10
Q

What is the Epiphyseal plate?

A

The cartilage plate between the Diaphysis and the Epiphysis where bone growth occurs

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11
Q

What is the cortex of a long bone?

A

The outer portion of bone made of lamellar/compact bone that contains Haversian systems

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12
Q

What is the Medullary Cavity of a long bone?

A

The inner portion of a long bone composed of trabecular/spongy bone

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13
Q

What is the Periosteum?

A

The thin outermost layer of dense connective tissue surrounding the bone

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14
Q

Is bone dynamic or static?

A

Bone is a dynamic tissue that undergoes remodelling by osteoblasts (appositon) and osteoclasts (resorption)

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15
Q

What role do osteoblasts play in bone remodeling?

A

Osteoblasts contribute to bone apposition

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16
Q

What role do osteoclasts play in bone remodeling?

A

Osteoclasts contribute to bone resportion

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17
Q

How long does it take for bone to be totally turned over?

A

5 years

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18
Q

What contributes to bone apposition?

A

Osteoblasts mediate bone apposition

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19
Q

What contributes to bone resorption?

A

Osteoclasts mediate bone resorption

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20
Q

What are Osteoblasts?

A

Cells that produce bone found on the surface of existing bone

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21
Q

What are Osteocytes?

A

Mature bone cells that sit in Lacunae and are connected by Canaliculi

Ostoblasts become Osteocytes

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22
Q

What is the developmental fate of Osteoblasts?

A

Osteoblasts become Osteocytes that sit in Lacunae

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23
Q

What are Osteoclasts?

A

Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells that resorb bone, and are derived from monocytes/macrophages

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24
Q

Which bone cells are multinucleated?

A

Osteoclasts

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25
Which bone cells are derived from monocytes/macrophages?
Osteoclasts
26
Describe the composition of bone?
70% inorganic (Hydroxyapatite) 30% organic (Type I Collagen)
27
What is Hydroxyapatite?
Hydroxyapatite = Calcium + Phosphate
28
How is Type I Collagen mineralized in bone?
Type I Collagen is mineralized through exocytosis of small vesicles from osteoblasts filled with Alkaline Phosphatase and Pyrophosphatase to bind CaPO4 and initiate mineralization
29
What are the key bone synthesizing enzymes in Osteoblasts?
Alkaline Phosphatase + Pyrophosphatase
30
What is Trabecular bone?
Trabecular bone = Spongy bone Bone made of trabeculated spaces that are surrounded by fat, vessels, and hematopoietic tissue
31
What is Cortical bone?
Cortical bone = Compact bone Cortical bone is dense and made of Haverisian systems
32
Which type of bone produces new cells?
Trabecular bone, because it contains hematopoietic tissue aka marrow
33
What are Haversian systems?
Haversian systems = Osteons Osteons are the structural unit of compact bone Osteocytes surround a central canal that carries blood vessels and nerve fibers, and form concentric layers of bone around the canal
34
What is the structural unit of compact bone?
Osteons = Haversian systems
35
What is Endochondral ossification?
New bone developing from and replacing Hyaline cartilage in long bones, bones at the base of the skull, and short bones in the hands and feet
36
Where does Endochondral ossification occur?
Occurs in: Long bones Bones at base of skull Short bones of hands and feet
37
What is Intramembranous ossification?
New bone developing directly from undifferentiated connective tissue (primitive mesenchyme)
38
Where does Intramembranous ossification occur?
Intramembranous ossification occurs in the flat bones of the face, cranial bones, and clavicles
39
Which form of ossification requires a "cartilage scaffold"
Endochondrial ossification requires a Hyaline cartilage scaffold Intramembranous ossification is directly from undifferentiated primitive mesenchyme
40
What is a primary ossification center?
A primary ossification center is the area from which bone first starts to grow in a long bone
41
What is a secondary ossification center?
An area in the spongy bone portion of a long bone where bone also forms
42
What are the two types of bone deposition?
Woven/immature bone and Mature/lamellar bone
43
What is woven bone?
Woven bone = immature bone Newly formed bone without organized lamellae Contains Osteoid at the leading edge
44
What is Osteoid?
Osteoid is a gelatneous substance formed at the leading edge of Woven bone that is not yet mineralized
45
What is the role of Osteoblasts and Osteoid in Woven bone?
Osteoblasts secrete Alkaline Phosphatase and Pyrophosphatase containing vesicles in deposit inorganic material and mineralize the gelatinous Osteoid at the leading edge of a Woven bone
46
Describe Mature bone?
Mature bone = Lamellar bone Containes organized, layers of mineralized bone
47
What is the top arrow point to?
An Osteocyte, because the space it's sitting in is a Lacunae
48
What is the bottom arrow pointing to?
An Osteoblast, because it sits on the surface of the bone where it synthesizes new bone
49
What are the arrows pointing to?
Multinucleated cells known as Osteoclasts
50
What is the arrow pointing to?
Trabeculae surrounded by fat and hematopoietic cells in Trabeculated bone
51
What is the arrow on the left pointing to?
Compact Lamellar bone found in the Cortex of a long bone
52
What is the bracket encompassing?
The Medullary cavity containing spongy bone
53
What is this and what type of bone is it found in?
An Osteon, evidenced by the concentric rings, found in compact bone
54
What is the arrow on the left pointing to?
An Osteocyte cannaliculi found in an Haverisian system in Compact bone
55
What is the arrow in the middle pointing to?
A canal at the center of a Haverisian system in Compact bone
56
What is the arrow on the right pointing to?
An Osteocyte Lacunae in a Haverisian system in Compact bone
57
What are the top 3 arrows pointing to?
Primitive mesenchyme forming flat bones through Intramembranous ossification
58
What is the red stuff?
New bone that formed from Intramembranous ossification, potentially contributing to a flat bone
59
What is the right most arrow pointing to?
Osteoblasts, because they're on the surface of the new bones being formed via Intramembranous ossification that may develop into a flat bone
60
What type of bone is this and what is the arrow pointing to?
This is Mature/Lamellar bone and the arrow is pointing to the organized Lamellae that are characteristic of mature bone
61
What type of bone is this and what is the arrow pointing to?
This is a woven/immature bone and the arrow is pointing to an Osteoid that lacks Lamellar structure, indicating it is not a mature bone

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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