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MSK/Derm > SM 254: Benign Skin Neoplasms > Flashcards

SM 254: Benign Skin Neoplasms Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Do benign skin growths need treatment?

A

Generally no, unless they’re causing pain or other problems

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2
Q

What does Seborrheic Keratosis look like?

A

Grey-brown in color, elevated Papular plaque with a dry cracked appearance, common after age 30 on all body surfaces except palms and soles

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3
Q

What are Seborrheic Keratosis?

A

Superficial, raised epidermal growths with a stuck-on quality +/- cracks on the surface

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4
Q

How can you check to see if something is Seborrheic Keratosis?

A

Pick at the lesion gently, and it may crumble or flake off if it is a superficial lesion like Seborrheic Keratosis

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5
Q

Are Seborrheic Keratoses singular or widespread?

A

Either or, though they increase in frequency over time

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6
Q

What is a Solar Lentigo and how is it treated?

A

Aka Liver spots, flat light brown Macules on the dorsal hands/face which are exposed to Sun; not cancerous or precancerous and no treatment required

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7
Q

What causes Solar Lentigo?

A

Sun exposure throughout life, which results in them forming on sun exposed areas like the dorsal surfaces of hands and the face or upper back

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8
Q

How do Solar Lentigo relate to skin cancer?

A

Not precancerous or cancerous, but due to high UV light exposure, indicating a risk for skin cancer - tell them to use sun protection

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9
Q

What causes the discoloration in Solar Lentigo?

A

Increase in Melanin but not in Melanocytes, causing the light brown color

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10
Q

How can Solar Lentigo be distinguished from Melanoma?

A

Melanoma is darker and larger, and will change over time - generally, a Melanoma spot is an “ugly duckling” and will stand out from other spots

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11
Q

What are Acrochordons?

A

Skin tags. Raised fleshy Papules that protrude out of the skin, generally occurs on neck or eyelids and discolor the skin towards a brown coloration and may be connected to the skin with a small stalk (pedunculated)

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12
Q

What is a Dermatofibroma?

A

Single small round Papules that are pinkinsh or reddish brown. Slightly raised, firm, with a shiny or smooth surface and found on the lower extrimeties

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13
Q

What causes a Dermatofibroma?

A

Scar tissue after injury to the skin like an insect bite

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14
Q

Where are Dermatofibromas found?

A

Lower extremities

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15
Q

Where are Acrochordons found?

A

Generally the neck

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16
Q

What is a Keloid?

A

A raised, firm Nodule that protrudes out of the skin at the site of previous tissue trauma Often has a shiny/smooth surface, and appears hyperpigmented, may be itchy

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17
Q

Where are Keloids found?

A

Occur at sites of known previous trauma, like the chest or behind the ears (ear peircing)

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18
Q

Why do Keloids form?

A

Excess scar formation after injury to skin

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19
Q

How are Keloids treated?

A

Steroid injections to help flatten out the scar or lessen pain/inflammation

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20
Q

What is a Cherry Angioma?

A

A shiny bright red raised Papule that can happen anywhere on the body, but often in multiple spots on the trunk - known genetic component

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21
Q

When do Cherry Angiomas increase in frequency?

A

Pregnancy = more Cherry Angiomas

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22
Q

What causes Cherry Angiomas?

A

Dilated capillaries that protrude through the skin

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23
Q

What is a Pyogenic Granuloma?

A

An eruptive, small solitary vascular red raised Papule that bleeds easy with trauma and rapidly grows bigger

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24
Q

What is an Epidermal Inclusion Cyst?

A

A mobile subcutaneous nodule often with an overlying punctum, such as a hair follicle, that is filled with debris that collects in a sack and creates foul smelling exudates

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25
Q

What is a Lipoma?

A

A soft, ill-defined painless rubbery subcutaneous Nodule composed of fat cells

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26
Q

How is a Lipoma differentiated from a Cyst?

A

Lipoma’s are much larger and do not have a central punctum

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27
Q

What is Sebaceous Hyperplasia?

A

A cream colored or yellowish Papule with a central depression found on the face and often in groups

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28
Q

What is an Hemangioma?

A

The most common benign tumor childhood that presents within the first few weeks of life, looks like a large red Nodule generally on the head neck and is soft and easily compressed

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29
Q

Are Hemangiomas solitary or in groups?

A

Hemangiomas are solitary

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30
Q

What causes a Hemangioma?

A

Stem cells in the Hemangioma differentiate into blood vessels, which involute and disappear over time

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31
Q

What is this and why?

A

Seborrheic Keratosis; Raised epidermal growth with cracked appearance and “stuck-on” appearance

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32
Q

What is this and why?

A

Seborrheic Keratosis; raised epidermal nodule with a “stuck on” cracked appearance

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33
Q

What is this and why?

A

Seborrheic Keratosis; raised nodule with a cracked apperance and a “stuck-on” appearance

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34
Q

What is this and why?

A

Solar Lentigo; flat light brown Macules on that is common on sun exposed surfaces like the back

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35
Q

What is this and why?

A

Melanoma, not Solar Lentigo!

Very large darker macule

36
Q

What is this and why?

A

A Acrochordon, since it looks like a small fleshy Papule lightly attached to the skin with a small stalk

37
Q

What is this and why?

A

An Acrochordon; it’s a fleshy Papule lightly attached to the skin with a think stalk

38
Q

What is this and why?

A

Dermatofibroma; small round raised firmm pink Papule that may flatten out if you pinch around it

39
Q

What is this and why?

A

Dermatofibroma; hyperpigmented darker on darker skin, but still a small raised firm Nodule

40
Q

What is this and why?

A

Keloid; hyperpigmented Nodule that develops on previously injured skin

41
Q

What is this and why?

A

Keloid; multiple big nodules that are probably from trauma to the face

42
Q

What is this and why?

A

Cherry Angioma; small bright red Papule

43
Q

What is this and why?

A

A Pyogenic Granuloma; it’s a small raised Eruptive Papule that bleeds easily

44
Q

What is this and why?

A

Pyogenic Granuloma; it’s a raised red Nodule that appears to bleed easily

45
Q

If you see this progression, what should you think?

A

A Pyogenic Granuloma; it looks like a big red Nodule that rapidly gets bigger

46
Q

What is this and why?

A

Epidermal Inclusion Cyst; a mobile Subcutaneous Nodule with a punctum (hole in the middle) that is probably growing over a hair follicle

47
Q

What is this and why?

A

Sebaceous Hyperplasia; cream colored Papule with a central depression

48
Q

What is this and why?

A

Hemangioma; It’s a really big red tumor that’s on the face of a child shortly after birth

49
Q

What is this and why?

A

Angioma; It’s a large red tumor on a recently born child

50
Q

What is this and why?

A

Pyogenic Granuloma; eruptive raised red Nodule

51
Q

What is this and why?

A

Keliod; the large red Nodule is probably growing on injured skin

52
Q

What is this and why?

A

Cherry angioma; diffuse shiny bright red Papules

53
Q

What are the primary morphologies when describing a skin rash?

A

Nodule, Vesicle, Bullae, Pustule, Erosion, Ulcer

54
Q

What is a Macule?

A

A flat skin lesion < 2cm with no elevation

55
Q

Can you feel a Macule?

A

No - there is no elevation because there is no process under the epidermis that is pushing up

56
Q

What is a Patch?

A

A flat lesion > 2cm without elevation

57
Q

Can you feel a Patch?

A

No - a Patch has no elevation because there is no process under the Epidermis pushing up

58
Q

How do a Patch and a Macule differ?

A

Macule < 2cm

Patch > 2cm

59
Q

What is a Papule?

A

A small < 1cm elevated lesion

60
Q

Can you feel a Papule?

A

Yes - they are elevated due to a process in the skin causing thickening

61
Q

What is a Plaque?

A

A large > 1cm elevated lesion

62
Q

How do Plaques and Papules differ?

A

A Plaque is > 1cm and a Papule is < 1cm

63
Q

Can you feel a Plauque?

A

Yes - a Plaque is elevated due to a process in the skin pushing up on the Epidermis

64
Q

What is a Nodule?

A

A substantial deeper lesion that is elevated

65
Q

Can you feel a Nodule?

A

Yes - they are elevated due to a process pushing up on the top of the skin

66
Q

What is a Vesicle?

A

A fluid filled Papule that is elevated

67
Q

Can you feel a Vesicle?

A

Yes - a Vesicle is a fluid filled Papule

68
Q

What is a Bullae?

A

A larger and broader Vesicle

69
Q

Can you feel a Bullae?

A

Yes - a Bullae is a larger broader Vesicle, which is elavated

70
Q

What is a Pustule?

A

A Vesicle that is filled with Leukocytes

71
Q

Can you feel a Pustule?

A

Yes, it is an elevated Vesicle

72
Q

What is an Erosion?

A

A superficial loss of Epidermis

73
Q

What is an Ulcer?

A

A deeper loss of Epidermis and Dermis that often heals with scarring

74
Q

What is the difference between an Erosion and an Ulcer?

A

An Erosion is only Epidermal and more superficial, while an Ulcer pierces the Dermis and is deeper

75
Q

What are the secondary features on top of primary morphology?

A

Scales and Crust

76
Q

What are Scale?

A

Flakes or layers of desquamated stratum

77
Q

What is Serous Crust?

A

Drying of plasma or exudates on skin

78
Q

What is Heme crust?

A

Drying of blood on the skin

79
Q

What does a Pink-red color suggest in a rash?

A

Increased blood supply to the rash

80
Q

What does a Deep red color suggest in a rash?

A

Vascular problems underlying the rash

81
Q

What is a Round shaped rash?

A

A rash with a round shape

82
Q

What is an Annular rash?

A

A round rash with accentuated borders that forms rings

83
Q

What is a Serpingous rash?

A

A rash that forms squiggly lines

84
Q

What is a Targetoid rash?

A

A rash that forms a Target sign

85
Q

What are the three arrangements for a rash?

A

Linear, Grouped, and Dermatomal

86
Q

What is the difference between a Localized and a Diffuse rash?

A

A localized rash is in a specific area while a diffuse rash is everywhere

MSK/Derm (46 decks)

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