Skull Fractures Flashcards
Op what are the markings on the temporal bone for
Superior and inferior nuchal lines for muscle attachment
What are the sutures of the skull cap
Sagittal Coronal Lambda Bregma H suture at Pterion
What are the processes next to the foramen magnum
Occipital condyles used for attachment of C1
What is the crubiform plate
Part of the ethmoid bone
Perferrated bone where refractory tract sits swell to form refractory bulb (smell)
What are the 3 cranial fossa divisions
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
What are dural venous sinuses
Spaces/channels for venous blood not a vein or vessel
For drainage of the cranial cavity
What’s neurocranium and viscerocranium
Neurocranium - bones of the cranial vault
Viscerocranium - bones of the face
Division above orbits and below the ears
What are paranasal sinuses
Air filled spaces Cantered on nasal cavity Maxillary Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid
What artery runs beneath the Pterion
The middle meningeal artery
What are 4 fractures that could occur on the skull
Basilar - damage bone that is thick
Comminuted- various pieces of bone created
Depressed - small pieces impacts inwards
Linear - strong force
Counterforce - doesn’t damage at site of sting bone but travels and breaks a delicate area
What is a buttress
Thicker portions of bones which transmit forces around weaker regions of the cranium Masticatory plates Zygomatic arch Lateral orbital margin Frontonasal Occipital
What are the 3 Le fort fractures
I - across maxilla
II - thro maxilla base orbit and nasal
III - most severs, through ethmoid, sphenoid, Nasal (see cranial vault and facial skeleton)
What are the most common fracture of the mandible
At condylar and coronoid processes
2 at angle
One on body
What is C1and C2 called and what makes them anatomically different from other cervical vertebrae
C1 atlas - facet for Dens, anterior and posterior arch and no body, superior articulate facets for occipital condyles
C2 axis - odontoid process (dens) bifud, splarger spinous process
Both joint with a synovial pivot joint
Where dos the vertebral artery travel through
Transverse foramen
