Clinical Relevance Of The Larynx

Question 1

What else does the pretracheal layer enclose

Answer 1

Strap muscles 
Thyroid gland 
Trachea
Larynx
Recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 2

What is e exact location of the larynx

Answer 2

Found anterior of laryngopharynx
Between carotid sheaths
Between C4-C6

Question 3

How si the larynx an important part of the upper RESP tract

Answer 3

Communicates with oropharynx above
Communicates to trachea below
At C6 at cricoid cartilage larynx becomes trachea and pharynx becomes oes

Question 4

How does the larynx keep the upper RESP tract open

Answer 4

Rigid cartilage skeleton and little bone
Cartilages suspended by hyoid

Prevent foreign bodies into lrt helped by the vocal cords and cough reflex

Produce sound also

Question 5

What dos the skeleton of the larynx compose of

Answer 5

Epiglottis 
Hyoid bone 
Thyrohyoid mem 
Thyroid cartilage 
Cricothyroid mem
Arch cricoid mem 
Trachea

Question 6

What is important about the Cricothyroid mem

Answer 6

Used as access point for Cricothyroid puncture for air

Question 7

What is special about the epiglottis

Answer 7

Made of elastic cartilage whilst all other cartilages of the larynx consists of hyaline cartilage

Question 8

What is the only complete circle of cartilage in the larynx

Answer 8

Cricoid

Question 9

The trachea appears to be a complete circle but what is it

Answer 9

C shaped cart and the posterior is trachealis smooth muscle

Question 10

What are the two differnt parts of the cricoid

Answer 10

Arch anterior

Lamina posterior

Question 11

What is the Adam’s apple

Answer 11

Laryngeal prominence

Question 12

What type of joint is the Cricothyroid joint and what does it allow

Answer 12

Synovial

Allows nodding anterior to posterior

Question 13

What are the horns of the arytenoid cartilages

Answer 13

Vocal process - attach to vocal cords
Muscular process -attach of muscles
Corniculate - cartilage of its own

Question 14

What are vocal cords

Answer 14

Thickened ligaments between thyroid cartilages and vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages

Question 15

What is the rimma glottidus

Answer 15

Space where air passes thro when Breathing and when trying to talk vibrates vocal cords

Question 16

What do the cuneiform and corniculate cartilages do

Answer 16

No part in moving vocal cords just support laryngeal inlet

Question 17

How many cartilages all together

Answer 17

9 
3 pairs
Cuneiform 
Corniculate 
Arytenoid 

3 singles
Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid

Question 18

What is endotracheal intubation

Answer 18

Placing a breathing tube inside the trachea
Inserted through the mouth oropharynx
Laryngeal inlet trachea

Question 19

What is a laryngoscopy

Answer 19

View interior of larynx

Blade into valeculla to view

Question 20

What is the mucosa of the larynx like

Answer 20

Mainly RESP mucosa - mucous sec mucociliary escalator

Except stratified squamous epi

Question 21

What are false vocal cords

Answer 21

Aka vestibular folds
Superior
Protect airway

Question 22

What are true vocal cord

Answer 22

Have an affect on speech
Thickened ligament when not covered in mucosa when is covered in mucosa is a vocal fold
Inferior

Question 23

What cranial nerve supplies all laryngeal mucosa and how is this done

Answer 23

CN X vagus
SUPEIROR to vocal fold - internal laryngeal branches of superior laryngeal branch

Vocal fold and inferior - recurrent laryngeal branches

Question 24

What do the Cricothyroid muscles do

Answer 24

Tense vocal cords

Allow nodding

Question 25

What does the thyro-arytenoid muscles do

Answer 25

Relax vocal cords | Pull arytenoid cartilages toward thyroid cartilages

Question 26

What do the lateral crico-arytenoid muscles do

Answer 26

Adduct vocal cords | Rotate arytenoid cartilages so that the vocal processes of the cartilages come together in the midline

Question 27

What do the arytenoid muscles do

Answer 27

Transverse and oblique Adduct vocals cords Assist lateral crico-arytenoids to gently close rimma glottidus so no air space Sphincter function

Question 28

What does the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle do

Answer 28

Abduct the vocal cords Rotate arytenoids carts so that vocal processes moves laterally Widens rims glottidis

Question 29

Normal respiration position

Answer 29

Laryngeal muscles relaxed

Question 30

Forced respiration position

Answer 30

Posterior crico-arytenoid contract - rimma glottidis as wide as possible

Question 31

Phonation position

Answer 31

Arytenoids contract assist lateral crico-arytenoids | Force air over vocal cords

Question 32

Whispering position

Answer 32

Lateral crico-arytenoids contracts pull vocal cords at front but still small space at the back open

Question 33

What si the anatomy of oral sounds

Answer 33

Soft palate tenses cn v3 and descends CN x to close off nasopharynx Direct air to oral cav Tongue CN Xii interrupt air and teeth/lips CN VII hep prod vowels and consonants

Question 34

What su the anatomy of nasal sounds

Answer 34

Soft palate tenses CN v3 and descends CN x close off oropharynx Air to nasal cav Prod n m ing sound dep on tongue position CN Xii and teeth/lips CN VII

Question 35

How to clinically test vagus nerve

Answer 35

Ask pt to swallow some water Listen to them speak Ask pt to cough

Question 36

What sit he anatomy of coughing

Answer 36

Dia inv by phrenic nerve Close vocal ligaments by vagus Contract abdominal wall increase pressure Open vocal chords sudden Tense v3 and elevate CN Xi soft palate for air thro mouth

Question 37

What is aspiration

Answer 37

Inhalation of liquid or solid into lungs Abnormal swallowing Breathing in

Question 38

What is done if there is a laryngeal obstruction

Answer 38

Emergency air management Heinrich manoeuvre Cricothyroid puncture

Question 39

Where is the larynx

Answer 39

Enclosed in pretracheal fascia in the visceral layer | Just behind strap muscles