Clinical Anatomy Of Respiration Part 1

Question 1

What is the Skelton of the chest wall

Answer 1

Clavicle 
Scapula
Acromion
Coracoid process
Spine of scapula 
12 thoracic vertebrae

Question 2

What dos the adult vertebral column consist of

Answer 2

7 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumber
5 sacral 
4 occygeal

Question 3

Why does vertebrae vary in size in different areas

Answer 3

To do with weight distribution
Larger vertebrae designed to be able to bear more weight than thinner
Coccyx tapers as weight goes to pelvis

Question 4

Why dos the spine have curvature

Answer 4

4. Curves
   Primary - thorax and occygeal as when foetus
   Secondary - cervical and lumbar

Question 5

What are the features and functions of a typical vertebrae

Answer 5

Inferior and superior articulate processes
Vertebral arch - composed of pedicel and lamina
Vertebral body - weight bearing
Vertebral foramen - spinal chord passes
Spinous process - ligament and muscle attachments
Transverse process - ligament and rib articulations

Question 6

Which ribs are typical

Answer 6

3-9

Question 7

What are the features of a typical rib

Answer 7

On the head = facets to articulate with vertebrae
Tubercle which articulates with transverse process of vertebrae
Angle is the most vulnerable turning point
Costal groove inside the rib
Body

Question 8

What ribs are atypical

Answer 8

1,2,10-12

Question 9

What are the features of rib 1

Answer 9

Shortest broadest most sharply curved
Least likely to fracture
2 transverse grooves scalene tubercle for the subclavian artery and vein
Only one facet on head

Question 10

How do u take a central venous cannulation.

Answer 10

Index in jugular notch

Thumb halfway across clavicle insert needle beneath thumb under clavicle

Question 11

What are the joints of the chest wall

Answer 11

Costovertebral
Intercostal
Sternocostal
Sternockavicular

Question 12

What is the costal margin

Answer 12

Palpable bottom of rib cage

Question 13

What is a true rib

Answer 13

Rib that articulates directly to the sternum 1-6

Question 14

What is a false rib

Answer 14

Rib that indirectly shares am articulation to the sternum with other ribs 7-10

Question 15

What is a floating rib

Answer 15

Ribs that do not articulate to the sternum 11 + 12

Question 16

What is the anatomy of the sternum

Answer 16

Jugular notch 
Sternal angle at rib 2
Manubrium
Body 
Xiohoid process

Question 17

Where is the cephalic vein situated

Answer 17

Deltlo pectoral groove

Joins auxiliary vein and forms superior vena cava

Question 18

What are some muscles of anterolateral chest wall

Answer 18

Pec major/min
Deltoid
Latussimus dorsi
Serratus anterior (anchors scapula to ribs)

Question 19

What nerve powers the serratus anterior

Answer 19

Long thoracic nerve lies on top of muscle giving innervation

Question 20

What is winged scapula

Answer 20

Paralysis of serratus anterior form injury to long thoracic nerve
Which can’t hold scapula to ribs and wall of thorax

Question 21

What are the intercostal muscles

Answer 21

Internal
Innermost
External
Pull ribs closer together

Question 22

What are the two mechanism used to lift the thoracic cavity

Answer 22

Bucket handle mechanism

Pump handle

Question 23

How many intercostal spaces are there

Answer 23

11

Question 24

Where is a neurovascular bundle situated

Answer 24

Between internal and innermost muscle layers

Question 25

What is thorcentesis

Answer 25

Sampling fluid from pleural cavity via intercostal space

Between neurovascular bundle and colaterol one

Question 26

What is a collateral bundle

Answer 26

Smaller neurovascular bundle

Question 27

What are the two parts of the thorax

Answer 27

Chest wall - protect heart and lungs, make movement of breathing, breast tissue

Chest cavity - in chest walls, contain vital organs and major vessels/nerves