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Anatomy > Ear > Flashcards

Ear Flashcards

1
Q

What does the external ear do

A

Collects and conveys sound waves to tympanic mem

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2
Q

What is the middle ear and what does it do

A

Tympanic mem to oval window
Eustanchion tube

Amplifies and conducts sound waves to internal ear

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3
Q

What is the internal ear and what does it do

A

Oval window to internal acoustic meatus

Converts special sensory information

  • -> sound waves to fluid waves
  • -> then action potentials
  • -> conduct action potentials to Brian
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4
Q

What kind of cartilage is the external ear

A

Elastic

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5
Q

What does the a vascular property mean to the external ear

A

Take nutirents form skin

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6
Q

Why do you not use adrenaline anaesthetic on ear

A

Adrenaline causes vasoconstriction causing necrosis of the avasvilar tissue as this tissue requires nutirents form skin and its blood supply

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7
Q

Describe the ER canal

A

Eam
1/3 rd cart 2/3rds bony
Lined skin v thin
Produce earwax cerumin via ceruminous gland

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8
Q

Give three features of the external auricle

A

Helix
Tragus
Lobe

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9
Q

What is the general sensory innervation of the external ear

A

Superior parts eam and tympanic mem - CN V3 mandibular nerve

Inferior parts eam and tympanic mem - vagus nerve

Lower part of helix almost lobe - C2,3 spinal nerve

Inside part of helix - facial nerve

Top of helix - C2,3 spinal nerve

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10
Q

Explain the lymphatic drainage of the ear

A

Lateral surface of superior half - parotid lymph nodes

Cranial surface of superior half - mastoid lymph nodes and deep cervical

Rest of auricle including lobe - superficial cervical lymph nodes

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11
Q

Where does the lymphatic drainage eventually drain to

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes in carotid sheath
Thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct
Venous angle

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12
Q

What is an otoscopic examination

A

Examination of the eam and tympanic mem

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13
Q

How do you carry out an otoscopic examination of a child

A

Eam is short and straight
Do not damage tymp meme so be v careful
Gently pull auricle posteroinferiorly

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14
Q

How do you carry out an otoscopic examination of an adult

A

Eam is curved
Gently straiten eam
Gently pull auricle posterosuoeriorly

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15
Q

What is the pars flaccida

A

Thin part of tymp mem superiorly

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16
Q

What so the pars tense

A

Thick part of the tympanic mem posteroinferiorly

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17
Q

What is the umbo

A

Most inwardly depressed part of tymp mem

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18
Q

Where is the cone of light

A

NormLly directed anteriorinferiorly

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19
Q

What is the sensory innervation of the tymp mem

A

External - mostly V3 auriculotemporal branch

Internal - CN IX

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20
Q

Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve IX supply sensory innervation to in the ear

A 
Middle ear cav 
Eustanchion tube
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Tonsils
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21
Q

What does the Eustachian tube connect

A

Connects the tymp cav to lateral wall of nasopharynx

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22
Q

What are the auditory ossicles

A

3 bones of Middle ear cav articulate via synovial joints

23
Q

Name the Auditory ossicles

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

24
Q

What is the epitympanic recess

A

Sup to tymp mem

25
Q

What is the base of the stapes

A

Fits into oval window way into internal ear

26
Q

What creates the umbo

A

The handle of the malleus adherent to internal aspect of the tymp mem

27
Q

What is the aditus

A

Doorway to the mastoid process

28
Q

What is the right promontory

A

Bony swelling on medial wall formed by the cochlea of internal ear

29
Q

What is mastoiditis

A

Air cells in mastoid become infected due to spread of infection

30
Q

Explain what the facial nerve does and it’s course

A

Special sensory taste
General sensory
Motor
Parasymp

Connection to CNS - brain stem at junction between pins and medulla PONTOMEDULLARY JUNCTION

inter cranial corse - direct into iam in posterior cranial fossa

Base of skull foramen - iam and the stylomastoid foramen

31
Q

What is the chords tympani

A

Branch of the facial nerve
Supplies taste on anterior 2/3rd of tongue

Parasymp to submand and subling salivary glands

32
Q

What is significant about the right stapedius

A

Tiniest skeletal muscle in body suppli by facial nerve

Reduces stape movement to protect internal ear from excessive noise

33
Q

What does the tensor tympani do

A

dampens noise of chewing supplied by facial nerve

34
Q

What is the facial nerve extra cranial course

A

Exit cranial cav via internal acoustic meatus
Facial nerve through stylomastoid foramen

Chordae tympani branch connects to lingual nerve branch of V3 to supply parasymp secretomotor to submandibular and sublingual glands

Facial nerve supply muscles of facial expression

35
Q

What are some muscle of facial expression

A

Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi- oris
Elevators of lip

36
Q

What do facial expression muscles do and originate from

A

Originate - on bone and insert into superficial fascia

Pull on skin when contracted

37
Q

How can u clinically test facial expression and motor function of facial nerve

A 
Ask pt to 
Frown 
Close eyes tight 
Smile 
Puff out cheeks
38
Q

What is the buccal fat pad

A

On Buccinator

Loss in illness - sunken cheeks clinical sign of malnutrition

39
Q

What is the vermillion border

A

Border between skin and fascia of lips transition zone

40
Q

What are the two parts of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

Cochlear nerve - hearing

Vestibular nerve - balance

41
Q

What does the otic capsule contain

A

Bony labyrinth

42
Q

What does the bony labyrinth filled with

A

Fluid peri lymph filled

Spaces inside otic capsule

43
Q

What is suspended within the perilymph of the bony labyrinth

A

Membranous labyrinth
Communicating sacs and ducts
Contains endolymph fluid

44
Q

Where does the dense otic capsule sit

A

Temporal bone

45
Q

What su the perilymph

A

Fluid that fills the bony labyrinth

The ,ends nous labyrinth floats in bony labyrinth

46
Q

What are the two windows of the bony labyrinth

A

Oval and round

47
Q

What is the cochlear duct and what does it do

A

A long balloon like strict within the cochlea filled with endolymph
Action pots conducted to brain stem in cochlear nerve

48
Q

What are the semi circular ducts

A

Inter linked balloon like structures within semicircular canals filled with endolymph
Action potentials conducted to brain stem in vestibular nerve

49
Q

What is the sequence of sound transmission

A

1- sound waves make tymp mem vibrate
2- vibrations transmit through ossicles
3- base of stapes vibrates in oval window
4- vibration of stapes creates pressure waves in perilymph
5- hair cells in cochlea are moved neurotransmitter is released, action potentials stimulated and conveyed to brain by cochlear nerve
6- pressure waves descend and become vibrations again
7- pressure waves dampened at the round window

50
Q

What is the course of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

CN 7 and CN 8 connect with brains team at the junctions between pons and medulla oblongata

Vestibulocochlear nerve at internal acoustic meatus

Cochlear axon nerves
Vestibular nerve axons form semicircular ducts

51
Q

What are some symptoms of pathology of CN vii in internal acoustic meatus

A

Ipsilateral- loss facial expression, loss of taste
Dry mouth
Reduced sensation in auricle

52
Q

What are the symptoms of associated pathology internal acoustic meatus of CN viii

A

Ipsilateral- loss of hearing, loss of balance

53
Q

What does the external part of the ear compose of

A

Auricular piña to tympanic mem drum

Lead to eam

Anatomy (44 decks)

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