Neck Infections Flashcards
What are the two layers of fascia
Superficial - subcutaneous, distributes vessels, allow skin mobility, insulation
Deep - separates superficial form deep structures sting snd protective
What kind of epithelial is the skin
Covered in keratinised stratified squamous epithelia
What’s in the superficial fascia
Structures in neck surrounded by adipose tissue
What is roughly in the deep fascia
Structures in neck compartmentalised by tubes of deep fascia
These tubes connect the superior mediastinum to the base of the skull
Tuis prevents spread of infection between fascial planes
What are the contents of the superficial fascia
Sensory nerves
Platysma
Blood vessels - superficial veins
Lymphatic vessels and superficial lymp nodes
What is the cervical plexus composed of
Intertwining of The anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2,3,4
What composed the brachial plexus
C5,6,7,8 and T1 anterior rami
Where does the cervical plexus supply sensory innervation to
Think dermatome map
Sensory to skin and fascia of the neck shoulder and face (over angle of mandible )
How does the sensory nerves of the cervical plexus reach the skin and fascia it innervats
From posterior spinal cord
Pierce deep fascia at nerve point coming out from deep of SCM
Into superficial fascia
To skin
What are the named branches of the cervical plexus and which anterior rami make up these branches
Lesser occipital (c2) Transverse cervical (c2,3) Greater auricular (c2,3) Supraclavicular (c3,4)
(Take Good Long Snoozes)
What are platysma muscles and what innervates them
Muscles of facial expression
In the superficial fascia of neck
Supplied by CN 7 fifth branch which is the cervical branch - facial nevre which only supplies muscles of facial expression
Where are the superficial and deep veins found
Superficial in superficial fascia
And deep in deep fascia
Where eventually do superficial veins drain to
Deep internal jugular veins (internal jugular or subclavian vein)
What are the superficial veins of the neck
Right and left
External jugular veins
Anterior Jugular veins
Superficial jugular communicating veins
Facial and retromandibilar combine to form common facial
Also have small posterior auricular which joins with other branch of retromandibilar to form external jugular vein
What are the the distinct layers of deep fascia from superficial to deep
Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer including carotid sheaths
Where are the investing and pretracheal and prevertebral layers of deep fascia found
Investing- under superficial later of fascia
Pretracheal - around Trachea, oes and thyroid gland
Prevertebral - surround postural muscle of back and cervical vertebrae and carotid sheaths which have imp structure inside
Describe the investing layer
Surrounds the entire neck under superficial fascia
Encapsulates trapezius and scm and submandibular and parotid glands
Attaches to hyoid bone, lower border of mandible, zygomatic arches, styled process, superior nuchal line
What is scm innervates by
CN 11 spinal accessory nerve sit deep to deep fascia
Describe the pretracheal layer
It's has a visceral organ part (encapsulating the thyroid trachea and oes) Muscular part (encloses strap muscles)
Describe the prevertebral layer
Encloses postural muscles and cervical vertebrae and right and left carotid sheaths
What are the carotid sheaths
Tubular fascial bandages which connect superior mediastinum to junta foraminae and carotid canals at the base of the skulls
Lie between investing layer and pretracheal and prevertebral
Contain: internal jugular veins, internal carotid artery, gauges nevre and deep cervical lymph nodes
What is buccooharyngeal fascia
Continuous with pretracheal fascia
What’s the retropharyngeal space
Between pretracheal and prevertebral fascia
What are the two layer of the skin
Epidermis - inert, waterproof, non vascular
Dermis - dense ct, vascular, lymphatic, inebriated strengthens and nourishes the epithelium
