Neck Infections

Question 1

What are the two layers of fascia

Answer 1

Superficial - subcutaneous, distributes vessels, allow skin mobility, insulation
Deep - separates superficial form deep structures sting snd protective

Question 2

What kind of epithelial is the skin

Answer 2

Covered in keratinised stratified squamous epithelia

Question 3

What’s in the superficial fascia

Answer 3

Structures in neck surrounded by adipose tissue

Question 4

What is roughly in the deep fascia

Answer 4

Structures in neck compartmentalised by tubes of deep fascia
These tubes connect the superior mediastinum to the base of the skull
Tuis prevents spread of infection between fascial planes

Question 5

What are the contents of the superficial fascia

Answer 5

Sensory nerves
Platysma
Blood vessels - superficial veins
Lymphatic vessels and superficial lymp nodes

Question 6

What is the cervical plexus composed of

Answer 6

Intertwining of The anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C2,3,4

Question 7

What composed the brachial plexus

Answer 7

C5,6,7,8 and T1 anterior rami

Question 8

Where does the cervical plexus supply sensory innervation to

Answer 8

Think dermatome map

Sensory to skin and fascia of the neck shoulder and face (over angle of mandible )

Question 9

How does the sensory nerves of the cervical plexus reach the skin and fascia it innervats

Answer 9

From posterior spinal cord
Pierce deep fascia at nerve point coming out from deep of SCM
Into superficial fascia
To skin

Question 10

What are the named branches of the cervical plexus and which anterior rami make up these branches

Answer 10

Lesser occipital (c2)
Transverse cervical (c2,3)
Greater auricular (c2,3)
Supraclavicular (c3,4)

(Take Good Long Snoozes)

Question 11

What are platysma muscles and what innervates them

Answer 11

Muscles of facial expression
In the superficial fascia of neck
Supplied by CN 7 fifth branch which is the cervical branch - facial nevre which only supplies muscles of facial expression

Question 12

Where are the superficial and deep veins found

Answer 12

Superficial in superficial fascia

And deep in deep fascia

Question 13

Where eventually do superficial veins drain to

Answer 13

Deep internal jugular veins (internal jugular or subclavian vein)

Question 14

What are the superficial veins of the neck

Answer 14

Right and left
External jugular veins
Anterior Jugular veins
Superficial jugular communicating veins
Facial and retromandibilar combine to form common facial
Also have small posterior auricular which joins with other branch of retromandibilar to form external jugular vein

Question 15

What are the the distinct layers of deep fascia from superficial to deep

Answer 15

Investing layer
Pretracheal layer
Prevertebral layer including carotid sheaths

Question 16

Where are the investing and pretracheal and prevertebral layers of deep fascia found

Answer 16

Investing- under superficial later of fascia
Pretracheal - around Trachea, oes and thyroid gland
Prevertebral - surround postural muscle of back and cervical vertebrae and carotid sheaths which have imp structure inside

Question 17

Describe the investing layer

Answer 17

Surrounds the entire neck under superficial fascia
Encapsulates trapezius and scm and submandibular and parotid glands
Attaches to hyoid bone, lower border of mandible, zygomatic arches, styled process, superior nuchal line

Question 18

What is scm innervates by

Answer 18

CN 11 spinal accessory nerve sit deep to deep fascia

Question 19

Describe the pretracheal layer

Answer 19

It's has a visceral organ part (encapsulating the thyroid trachea and oes)
Muscular part (encloses strap muscles)

Question 20

Describe the prevertebral layer

Answer 20

Encloses postural muscles and cervical vertebrae and right and left carotid sheaths

Question 21

What are the carotid sheaths

Answer 21

Tubular fascial bandages which connect superior mediastinum to junta foraminae and carotid canals at the base of the skulls
Lie between investing layer and pretracheal and prevertebral
Contain: internal jugular veins, internal carotid artery, gauges nevre and deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 22

What is buccooharyngeal fascia

Answer 22

Continuous with pretracheal fascia

Question 23

What’s the retropharyngeal space

Answer 23

Between pretracheal and prevertebral fascia

Question 24

What are the two layer of the skin

Answer 24

Epidermis - inert, waterproof, non vascular

Dermis - dense ct, vascular, lymphatic, inebriated strengthens and nourishes the epithelium