Meninges And Headache Flashcards

1
Q

What are some other muscles associated with tension headaches

A

Temporalis - attaches to coronoid process of mandible

Masseter muscle

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2
Q

What is often the thinnest part of the skull

A

Pterion

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3
Q

What artery sounds beneath the Pterion

A

The Middle meningeal artery

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4
Q

What is a gyrus and sulcus

A

Gyrus - stuck out but

Sulcus - duo in brain

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5
Q

What are the anatomical divisions of the brain

A

Anterior
Posterior
Middle

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6
Q

How are the lobes named

A

In relation to bone against

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7
Q

What does the cerebellum contain

A

Precise motor Actuvity lots of fine motor fibres

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8
Q

What are the components of the midbrain

A

Midbrain
Pons
medulla oblongata

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9
Q

Where do the cranial nerves arise form the brain

A

CN 3,4 ( oculomotor and trochlear) - midbrain
CN 5 (trigeminal ) - pons
CN 6,7,8 (abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear) - junction between pons and medulla
CN 9,10, 12 (Glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal) - medulla
CN 11 (spinal accessory ) - spins, chord

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10
Q

Give an example of a space occupying lesion

A
Tumours 
Increase pressure of cranial cav 
Inflammation 
Bleeding 
Hydrocephaly can do this too
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11
Q

What is meningitis

A

Bacterial infection causing inflammation of the meninges

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12
Q

What’s re the meninges

A

Protective coverings for the brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater - hard mother, durable tough, vascularised, innervated, has 2 sep layers which are MENINGEAL + PERIOSTEAL

Subarachnoid mater - spidery mother, loose cobwebs, have arachnoid granulations that reabsorb CSF

Pia mater - faithful mother, completely covers brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

What so the subarachnoid space

A

Under arachnoid ,contains CSF

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15
Q

Describe the two layers of dura mater

A

PERIOSTEAL - outer, stuck very closely to inner aspect of skull
Meningeal - inner

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16
Q

What happens when the two layers of dura mater folds on themselves or separate

A

Form

  • Falx cerebrai
  • tentorium cerebelli

Separate form
- dural venous sinuses that are channels to drsin blood from the brain

17
Q

Where is the confluence of dural venous sinuses

A

Opposite the internal occipital protuberance

18
Q

Which layer of the meninges is the only innervated layer and what innervates It

A

Dura mater

Innervated by the trigeminal nerve

19
Q

What are some intracranial causes of headache

A

Tumours
Inflammation
Bleeding
Hydrocephalus

20
Q

What are the two arteries that mainly supply the Brian with arterial blood

A
Vertebral arteries (right and left combine to form the basilar artery) 
Internal carotid arteries
21
Q

What is the mechanism by which the brain is supplied with blood

A
Circle of Willis 
2 vertebral arteries form basilar artery 
Posterior cerebral arteries 
Posterior Communicating arteries 
Internal carotid arteries 
Anterior communicating artery 
Middle cerebral arteries
22
Q

What are the main dural venous sinuses

A
Superior and inferior Sagittal sinuses
Straight sinus 
Transverse sinuses 
Confluence 
Sigmoid sinuses
Superior petrosal 
Cavernous sinus
23
Q

What does the sigmoid sinus attach to

A

Internal jugular vein at jugular foramen

24
Q

How is CSF reabsorbed and recycled

A

Into dural venous sinuses by specialised arachnoid granulations most common on superior sagittal sinus

25
What dos the CSF do
Cushions the brain and spinal chord both internally and externally
26
What happens if too much Csf is made
Called water on brain | Hydrocephaly
27
Where is CSF produced
Lateral ventricles 3rd ventricle 4the ventricle
28
How do u test for meningitis
Do a spinal tap to take a sample of the CSF | This is done at L2 as this is where spinal chord ends
29
Explain the 3 ways that bleeding can occur outside the brain but within the skull
Extra dural - between bone and dura - tear in Middle meningeal artery - trauma to Pterion Sub dural - separates dura from arachnoid - tear in cerebral vein - falls in elderly and alcohol problems Sub arachnoid - into subarachnoid space where CSF is - tear in circle of Willis - congenital aneurysm
30
What is the main cause of tension headaches
When muscles such a s the frontalis or occipitalis are tight and contracting a lot causing pressure on the bones and nerves