Meninges And Headache Flashcards
What are some other muscles associated with tension headaches
Temporalis - attaches to coronoid process of mandible
Masseter muscle
What is often the thinnest part of the skull
Pterion
What artery sounds beneath the Pterion
The Middle meningeal artery
What is a gyrus and sulcus
Gyrus - stuck out but
Sulcus - duo in brain
What are the anatomical divisions of the brain
Anterior
Posterior
Middle
How are the lobes named
In relation to bone against
What does the cerebellum contain
Precise motor Actuvity lots of fine motor fibres
What are the components of the midbrain
Midbrain
Pons
medulla oblongata
Where do the cranial nerves arise form the brain
CN 3,4 ( oculomotor and trochlear) - midbrain
CN 5 (trigeminal ) - pons
CN 6,7,8 (abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear) - junction between pons and medulla
CN 9,10, 12 (Glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal) - medulla
CN 11 (spinal accessory ) - spins, chord
Give an example of a space occupying lesion
Tumours Increase pressure of cranial cav Inflammation Bleeding Hydrocephaly can do this too
What is meningitis
Bacterial infection causing inflammation of the meninges
What’s re the meninges
Protective coverings for the brain and spinal cord
What are the 3 layers of the meninges
Dura mater - hard mother, durable tough, vascularised, innervated, has 2 sep layers which are MENINGEAL + PERIOSTEAL
Subarachnoid mater - spidery mother, loose cobwebs, have arachnoid granulations that reabsorb CSF
Pia mater - faithful mother, completely covers brain and spinal cord
What so the subarachnoid space
Under arachnoid ,contains CSF
Describe the two layers of dura mater
PERIOSTEAL - outer, stuck very closely to inner aspect of skull
Meningeal - inner
What happens when the two layers of dura mater folds on themselves or separate
Form
- Falx cerebrai
- tentorium cerebelli
Separate form
- dural venous sinuses that are channels to drsin blood from the brain
Where is the confluence of dural venous sinuses
Opposite the internal occipital protuberance
Which layer of the meninges is the only innervated layer and what innervates It
Dura mater
Innervated by the trigeminal nerve
What are some intracranial causes of headache
Tumours
Inflammation
Bleeding
Hydrocephalus
What are the two arteries that mainly supply the Brian with arterial blood
Vertebral arteries (right and left combine to form the basilar artery) Internal carotid arteries
What is the mechanism by which the brain is supplied with blood
Circle of Willis 2 vertebral arteries form basilar artery Posterior cerebral arteries Posterior Communicating arteries Internal carotid arteries Anterior communicating artery Middle cerebral arteries
What are the main dural venous sinuses
Superior and inferior Sagittal sinuses Straight sinus Transverse sinuses Confluence Sigmoid sinuses Superior petrosal Cavernous sinus
What does the sigmoid sinus attach to
Internal jugular vein at jugular foramen
How is CSF reabsorbed and recycled
Into dural venous sinuses by specialised arachnoid granulations most common on superior sagittal sinus
What dos the CSF do
Cushions the brain and spinal chord both internally and externally
What happens if too much Csf is made
Called water on brain
Hydrocephaly
Where is CSF produced
Lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
4the ventricle
How do u test for meningitis
Do a spinal tap to take a sample of the CSF
This is done at L2 as this is where spinal chord ends
Explain the 3 ways that bleeding can occur outside the brain but within the skull
Extra dural
- between bone and dura
- tear in Middle meningeal artery
- trauma to Pterion
Sub dural
- separates dura from arachnoid
- tear in cerebral vein
- falls in elderly and alcohol problems
Sub arachnoid
- into subarachnoid space where CSF is
- tear in circle of Willis
- congenital aneurysm
What is the main cause of tension headaches
When muscles such a s the frontalis or occipitalis are tight and contracting a lot causing pressure on the bones and nerves
