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Anatomy > Meninges And Headache > Flashcards

Meninges And Headache Flashcards

1
Q

What are some other muscles associated with tension headaches

A

Temporalis - attaches to coronoid process of mandible

Masseter muscle

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2
Q

What is often the thinnest part of the skull

A

Pterion

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3
Q

What artery sounds beneath the Pterion

A

The Middle meningeal artery

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4
Q

What is a gyrus and sulcus

A

Gyrus - stuck out but

Sulcus - duo in brain

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5
Q

What are the anatomical divisions of the brain

A

Anterior
Posterior
Middle

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6
Q

How are the lobes named

A

In relation to bone against

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7
Q

What does the cerebellum contain

A

Precise motor Actuvity lots of fine motor fibres

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8
Q

What are the components of the midbrain

A

Midbrain
Pons
medulla oblongata

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9
Q

Where do the cranial nerves arise form the brain

A

CN 3,4 ( oculomotor and trochlear) - midbrain
CN 5 (trigeminal ) - pons
CN 6,7,8 (abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear) - junction between pons and medulla
CN 9,10, 12 (Glossopharyngeal, vagus, hypoglossal) - medulla
CN 11 (spinal accessory ) - spins, chord

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10
Q

Give an example of a space occupying lesion

A 
Tumours 
Increase pressure of cranial cav 
Inflammation 
Bleeding 
Hydrocephaly can do this too
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11
Q

What is meningitis

A

Bacterial infection causing inflammation of the meninges

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12
Q

What’s re the meninges

A

Protective coverings for the brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

What are the 3 layers of the meninges

A

Dura mater - hard mother, durable tough, vascularised, innervated, has 2 sep layers which are MENINGEAL + PERIOSTEAL

Subarachnoid mater - spidery mother, loose cobwebs, have arachnoid granulations that reabsorb CSF

Pia mater - faithful mother, completely covers brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

What so the subarachnoid space

A

Under arachnoid ,contains CSF

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15
Q

Describe the two layers of dura mater

A

PERIOSTEAL - outer, stuck very closely to inner aspect of skull
Meningeal - inner

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16
Q

What happens when the two layers of dura mater folds on themselves or separate

A

Form

  • Falx cerebrai
  • tentorium cerebelli

Separate form
- dural venous sinuses that are channels to drsin blood from the brain

17
Q

Where is the confluence of dural venous sinuses

A

Opposite the internal occipital protuberance

18
Q

Which layer of the meninges is the only innervated layer and what innervates It

A

Dura mater

Innervated by the trigeminal nerve

19
Q

What are some intracranial causes of headache

A

Tumours
Inflammation
Bleeding
Hydrocephalus

20
Q

What are the two arteries that mainly supply the Brian with arterial blood

A 
Vertebral arteries (right and left combine to form the basilar artery) 
Internal carotid arteries
21
Q

What is the mechanism by which the brain is supplied with blood

A 
Circle of Willis 
2 vertebral arteries form basilar artery 
Posterior cerebral arteries 
Posterior Communicating arteries 
Internal carotid arteries 
Anterior communicating artery 
Middle cerebral arteries
22
Q

What are the main dural venous sinuses

A 
Superior and inferior Sagittal sinuses
Straight sinus 
Transverse sinuses 
Confluence 
Sigmoid sinuses
Superior petrosal 
Cavernous sinus
23
Q

What does the sigmoid sinus attach to

A

Internal jugular vein at jugular foramen

24
Q

How is CSF reabsorbed and recycled

A

Into dural venous sinuses by specialised arachnoid granulations most common on superior sagittal sinus

25
Q

What dos the CSF do

A

Cushions the brain and spinal chord both internally and externally

26
Q

What happens if too much Csf is made

A

Called water on brain

Hydrocephaly

27
Q

Where is CSF produced

A

Lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
4the ventricle

28
Q

How do u test for meningitis

A

Do a spinal tap to take a sample of the CSF

This is done at L2 as this is where spinal chord ends

29
Q

Explain the 3 ways that bleeding can occur outside the brain but within the skull

A

Extra dural

  • between bone and dura
  • tear in Middle meningeal artery
  • trauma to Pterion

Sub dural

  • separates dura from arachnoid
  • tear in cerebral vein
  • falls in elderly and alcohol problems

Sub arachnoid

  • into subarachnoid space where CSF is
  • tear in circle of Willis
  • congenital aneurysm
30
Q

What is the main cause of tension headaches

A

When muscles such a s the frontalis or occipitalis are tight and contracting a lot causing pressure on the bones and nerves

Anatomy (44 decks)

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