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Anatomy > Head Movement > Flashcards

Head Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of vertebrae

A 
7 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral
4 occygeal
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2
Q

What happens to the vertebra form superior to inferior

A

Become larger as the bear more weight and then taper off and become smaller again once the weight transfers to hip bones

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3
Q

What are the curvatures of the spine and are they primary or secondary

A

Cervical - secondary
Thoracic - primary
Lumbar - secondary
Sacral - primary

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4
Q

What makes a curvature primary or secondary

A

Primary - original curvature as a fetus

Secondary - occurs as matures and able to have correct posture and weight bearance

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5
Q

What are the functions of the spine

A

Support the weight of the head
Trunk posture
Protect the spinal cord and spinal nerves
Allow movements

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6
Q

What are the features of a typical vertebrae

A 
1 spinous process
2 transverse process
Vertebral foramen 
Vertebral body 
Vertebral arch (2 pedicel and 2 lamina) 
2 superior articular processes
2 inferior articular processes
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7
Q

Where are the intervertebral foramen and what emerges through them

A

Form between adjacent vertebrae

Spinal nerves emerge through here

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8
Q

Where is a facet joint

A

Between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae

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9
Q

What disease can affect facet joints

A

Arthritis

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10
Q

What pain signals are transmitted by facet joints

A

Via posterior rami

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11
Q

What are the intervertebral discs

A

Strong attachment between the bodies of vertebrae

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12
Q

What bad thing can happen to intervertebral discs

A

They can herniate pain signal via posterior rami

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13
Q

What length does the intervertebral discs constitute to the length of the spine

A

20-25%

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14
Q

What kind of cartilage are the intervertebral discs

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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15
Q

Intervertebral discs are between all vertebrae Except

A

C1-c2 and the fused sacrum and coccyx

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16
Q

What are the inner and outer rings of the intervertebral discs and their functions

A

Outer ring - annulus fibrosis - fibre cartilage - strong bond

Inner ring - nucleus pulposus - flex and protection

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17
Q

What is a herniated slipped disc

A

Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through annulus fibrosis

18
Q

Where does a herniated disc usually protrude from

A

Through the thinnest part of the annulus fibrosis which is posterolaterally

19
Q

What does a herniated disc do that causes an issue

A

Press against the spinal cord

20
Q

Where is the most commonly affected area of a herniated disc

A

Cervical area c6/7 which supply upper limbs

21
Q

What is the ligament that connects adjacent lamina

A

Ligamentum flavum

22
Q

What ligament connects all the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs in the posterior aspect

A

The posterior longitudinal ligament

23
Q

What ligament attaches to anterior aspects of all vertebrae and intervertebral discs

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

24
Q

What does the supra spinous ligament connect

A

Connects tips of spinous processes

25
Q

What does the inter spinous ligament connect

A

Connect superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes

26
Q

What do all the cervical vertebrae have

A

All have foramen in each transverse process

27
Q

Explain the c1

A

Atlas
Does not have a body or spinous orocess
Has a posterior arch and an anterior arch instead

28
Q

Explain c2

A

Axis
Has odontoid process
Projects superiorly form body

29
Q

Explain c7

A

Vertebrae prominens

First palpable spinous process

30
Q

What kind of joints are the Atlanto- occipital joints

A

Synovial hints

31
Q

Where are the atlantoocciptal joints

A

Between occiptsl condyles and superiori articular facets of atlas

32
Q

What are the main movements at the atlanto- occiptal joints

A

Main movement at the joints are flexion and extension of the neck and rotatory movement

33
Q

What kind of joints are the atlanto axial joints

A

3 synovial joints

34
Q

Where are the atlanto axial joints

A

2 of them
- between inferior articular facets of the atlas and the superior articular facets of axis

1 other is
- between anterior I arch of the atlas and the odontoid process of axis

35
Q

What is the main craniovertebral ligament

A

The nuchal ligament which connects form the external occipital protuberance

36
Q

The posterior longitudinal ligament becomes a different ligament at a superiori aspect

A

Tectorial mem

37
Q

The anterior longitudinal becomes 2 different ligaments what happens

A

Becomes atlanto axial mem then anterior Atlanti occipital mem

38
Q

What are the components of the cruciate mem

A

SUPEIROR longitudinal band
Transverse lig of atlas
Inferior longitudinal band

39
Q

So if a patient complains of a sore neck what can this mean

A

Arthritis of facet joints

A herniated disc

40
Q

How many vertebrae in total

A

33

Anatomy (44 decks)

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