Head Movement Flashcards
What are the 5 types of vertebrae
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 occygeal
What happens to the vertebra form superior to inferior
Become larger as the bear more weight and then taper off and become smaller again once the weight transfers to hip bones
What are the curvatures of the spine and are they primary or secondary
Cervical - secondary
Thoracic - primary
Lumbar - secondary
Sacral - primary
What makes a curvature primary or secondary
Primary - original curvature as a fetus
Secondary - occurs as matures and able to have correct posture and weight bearance
What are the functions of the spine
Support the weight of the head
Trunk posture
Protect the spinal cord and spinal nerves
Allow movements
What are the features of a typical vertebrae
1 spinous process 2 transverse process Vertebral foramen Vertebral body Vertebral arch (2 pedicel and 2 lamina) 2 superior articular processes 2 inferior articular processes
Where are the intervertebral foramen and what emerges through them
Form between adjacent vertebrae
Spinal nerves emerge through here
Where is a facet joint
Between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae
What disease can affect facet joints
Arthritis
What pain signals are transmitted by facet joints
Via posterior rami
What are the intervertebral discs
Strong attachment between the bodies of vertebrae
What bad thing can happen to intervertebral discs
They can herniate pain signal via posterior rami
What length does the intervertebral discs constitute to the length of the spine
20-25%
What kind of cartilage are the intervertebral discs
Secondary cartilaginous
Intervertebral discs are between all vertebrae Except
C1-c2 and the fused sacrum and coccyx
What are the inner and outer rings of the intervertebral discs and their functions
Outer ring - annulus fibrosis - fibre cartilage - strong bond
Inner ring - nucleus pulposus - flex and protection
What is a herniated slipped disc
Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through annulus fibrosis
Where does a herniated disc usually protrude from
Through the thinnest part of the annulus fibrosis which is posterolaterally
What does a herniated disc do that causes an issue
Press against the spinal cord
Where is the most commonly affected area of a herniated disc
Cervical area c6/7 which supply upper limbs
What is the ligament that connects adjacent lamina
Ligamentum flavum
What ligament connects all the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs in the posterior aspect
The posterior longitudinal ligament
What ligament attaches to anterior aspects of all vertebrae and intervertebral discs
Anterior longitudinal ligament
What does the supra spinous ligament connect
Connects tips of spinous processes
What does the inter spinous ligament connect
Connect superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes
What do all the cervical vertebrae have
All have foramen in each transverse process
Explain the c1
Atlas
Does not have a body or spinous orocess
Has a posterior arch and an anterior arch instead
Explain c2
Axis
Has odontoid process
Projects superiorly form body
Explain c7
Vertebrae prominens
First palpable spinous process
What kind of joints are the Atlanto- occipital joints
Synovial hints
Where are the atlantoocciptal joints
Between occiptsl condyles and superiori articular facets of atlas
What are the main movements at the atlanto- occiptal joints
Main movement at the joints are flexion and extension of the neck and rotatory movement
What kind of joints are the atlanto axial joints
3 synovial joints
Where are the atlanto axial joints
2 of them
- between inferior articular facets of the atlas and the superior articular facets of axis
1 other is
- between anterior I arch of the atlas and the odontoid process of axis
What is the main craniovertebral ligament
The nuchal ligament which connects form the external occipital protuberance
The posterior longitudinal ligament becomes a different ligament at a superiori aspect
Tectorial mem
The anterior longitudinal becomes 2 different ligaments what happens
Becomes atlanto axial mem then anterior Atlanti occipital mem
What are the components of the cruciate mem
SUPEIROR longitudinal band
Transverse lig of atlas
Inferior longitudinal band
So if a patient complains of a sore neck what can this mean
Arthritis of facet joints
A herniated disc
How many vertebrae in total
33
