Head Movement Flashcards
What are the 5 types of vertebrae
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 occygeal
What happens to the vertebra form superior to inferior
Become larger as the bear more weight and then taper off and become smaller again once the weight transfers to hip bones
What are the curvatures of the spine and are they primary or secondary
Cervical - secondary
Thoracic - primary
Lumbar - secondary
Sacral - primary
What makes a curvature primary or secondary
Primary - original curvature as a fetus
Secondary - occurs as matures and able to have correct posture and weight bearance
What are the functions of the spine
Support the weight of the head
Trunk posture
Protect the spinal cord and spinal nerves
Allow movements
What are the features of a typical vertebrae
1 spinous process 2 transverse process Vertebral foramen Vertebral body Vertebral arch (2 pedicel and 2 lamina) 2 superior articular processes 2 inferior articular processes
Where are the intervertebral foramen and what emerges through them
Form between adjacent vertebrae
Spinal nerves emerge through here
Where is a facet joint
Between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae
What disease can affect facet joints
Arthritis
What pain signals are transmitted by facet joints
Via posterior rami
What are the intervertebral discs
Strong attachment between the bodies of vertebrae
What bad thing can happen to intervertebral discs
They can herniate pain signal via posterior rami
What length does the intervertebral discs constitute to the length of the spine
20-25%
What kind of cartilage are the intervertebral discs
Secondary cartilaginous
Intervertebral discs are between all vertebrae Except
C1-c2 and the fused sacrum and coccyx
What are the inner and outer rings of the intervertebral discs and their functions
Outer ring - annulus fibrosis - fibre cartilage - strong bond
Inner ring - nucleus pulposus - flex and protection
What is a herniated slipped disc
Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through annulus fibrosis
Where does a herniated disc usually protrude from
Through the thinnest part of the annulus fibrosis which is posterolaterally
What does a herniated disc do that causes an issue
Press against the spinal cord
Where is the most commonly affected area of a herniated disc
Cervical area c6/7 which supply upper limbs
What is the ligament that connects adjacent lamina
Ligamentum flavum
What ligament connects all the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs in the posterior aspect
The posterior longitudinal ligament
What ligament attaches to anterior aspects of all vertebrae and intervertebral discs
Anterior longitudinal ligament
What does the supra spinous ligament connect
Connects tips of spinous processes
