Head Movement Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types of vertebrae

A
7 cervical 
12 thoracic 
5 lumbar 
5 sacral
4 occygeal
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2
Q

What happens to the vertebra form superior to inferior

A

Become larger as the bear more weight and then taper off and become smaller again once the weight transfers to hip bones

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3
Q

What are the curvatures of the spine and are they primary or secondary

A

Cervical - secondary
Thoracic - primary
Lumbar - secondary
Sacral - primary

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4
Q

What makes a curvature primary or secondary

A

Primary - original curvature as a fetus

Secondary - occurs as matures and able to have correct posture and weight bearance

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5
Q

What are the functions of the spine

A

Support the weight of the head
Trunk posture
Protect the spinal cord and spinal nerves
Allow movements

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6
Q

What are the features of a typical vertebrae

A
1 spinous process
2 transverse process
Vertebral foramen 
Vertebral body 
Vertebral arch (2 pedicel and 2 lamina) 
2 superior articular processes
2 inferior articular processes
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7
Q

Where are the intervertebral foramen and what emerges through them

A

Form between adjacent vertebrae

Spinal nerves emerge through here

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8
Q

Where is a facet joint

A

Between articular processes of 2 adjacent vertebrae

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9
Q

What disease can affect facet joints

A

Arthritis

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10
Q

What pain signals are transmitted by facet joints

A

Via posterior rami

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11
Q

What are the intervertebral discs

A

Strong attachment between the bodies of vertebrae

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12
Q

What bad thing can happen to intervertebral discs

A

They can herniate pain signal via posterior rami

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13
Q

What length does the intervertebral discs constitute to the length of the spine

A

20-25%

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14
Q

What kind of cartilage are the intervertebral discs

A

Secondary cartilaginous

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15
Q

Intervertebral discs are between all vertebrae Except

A

C1-c2 and the fused sacrum and coccyx

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16
Q

What are the inner and outer rings of the intervertebral discs and their functions

A

Outer ring - annulus fibrosis - fibre cartilage - strong bond

Inner ring - nucleus pulposus - flex and protection

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17
Q

What is a herniated slipped disc

A

Protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through annulus fibrosis

18
Q

Where does a herniated disc usually protrude from

A

Through the thinnest part of the annulus fibrosis which is posterolaterally

19
Q

What does a herniated disc do that causes an issue

A

Press against the spinal cord

20
Q

Where is the most commonly affected area of a herniated disc

A

Cervical area c6/7 which supply upper limbs

21
Q

What is the ligament that connects adjacent lamina

A

Ligamentum flavum

22
Q

What ligament connects all the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs in the posterior aspect

A

The posterior longitudinal ligament

23
Q

What ligament attaches to anterior aspects of all vertebrae and intervertebral discs

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

24
Q

What does the supra spinous ligament connect

A

Connects tips of spinous processes

25
What does the inter spinous ligament connect
Connect superior and inferior surfaces of adjacent spinous processes
26
What do all the cervical vertebrae have
All have foramen in each transverse process
27
Explain the c1
Atlas Does not have a body or spinous orocess Has a posterior arch and an anterior arch instead
28
Explain c2
Axis Has odontoid process Projects superiorly form body
29
Explain c7
Vertebrae prominens | First palpable spinous process
30
What kind of joints are the Atlanto- occipital joints
Synovial hints
31
Where are the atlantoocciptal joints
Between occiptsl condyles and superiori articular facets of atlas
32
What are the main movements at the atlanto- occiptal joints
Main movement at the joints are flexion and extension of the neck and rotatory movement
33
What kind of joints are the atlanto axial joints
3 synovial joints
34
Where are the atlanto axial joints
2 of them - between inferior articular facets of the atlas and the superior articular facets of axis 1 other is - between anterior I arch of the atlas and the odontoid process of axis
35
What is the main craniovertebral ligament
The nuchal ligament which connects form the external occipital protuberance
36
The posterior longitudinal ligament becomes a different ligament at a superiori aspect
Tectorial mem
37
The anterior longitudinal becomes 2 different ligaments what happens
Becomes atlanto axial mem then anterior Atlanti occipital mem
38
What are the components of the cruciate mem
SUPEIROR longitudinal band Transverse lig of atlas Inferior longitudinal band
39
So if a patient complains of a sore neck what can this mean
Arthritis of facet joints | A herniated disc
40
How many vertebrae in total
33