Anatomy For Dental Local Anaesthesia Flashcards
What su topical anaesthetics
When it is a surface anasthesia such as a numbing cream
What is infiltration anaesthesia
When anaesthetic infiltrates the target tissue
At Apex of tooth
Depends on dentistry of surrounding tissue
Maxilla thin and porous mandible denser
What is block anasthesia
Blocks particular nerve trunk
Inferior alveolar lingual or buccal
What do LA drugs do
Reversible block sodium channel hodgkins cycle
Pass through axon membrane and bind to sodium channel from inside nerve
Don’t work well with infection present
What are some examples of LA drugs
Lidocaine - gold standard
Procaine
Articane
What are some procedures
Restorative - pulpal anaesthesia (+/- soft tissue anasthesia)
Extractions - pulpal anaesthesia, adjacent soft tissue anaesthesia gingival and alveolar
Biopsies - gingivae or mucosa in the lesion site
What innervates the buccal tissues
Buccal long nerve except upper buccal gingivae
What does the buccal tissues consist of
Buccal sulci
Buccal mucosa
Buccal gingivae
What innervates the lingual tissues
The lingual nerve
What are the features of the lingual tissues
Lingual sulci
Lingual mucosa
Lingual gingivae
Floor of mouth mucosa
To anaesthetise the incisors/canines what has to be taken into consideration
Dental branches of anterior superior alveolar nerves which supply th teeth and gingival branches supply labial gingivae
Incisive branch of nasopalatine nerve which supply palatal gingivae
When anaesthetising the premolars what is taken into consideration
Dental branches of Middle superior alveolar nerves supply teeth and gingival branches supply buccal gingivae
Branches of greater palatine nerve supply palatal gingivae
When anaesthetising the molars what is taken into consideration
Dental branches of posterior superior alveolar nerves supply teeth and gingival branches supply buccal gingivae
Branches of greater palatine nerve supply palatal gingivae
What are the properties of the maxilla
Thin and porous
How is labial/buccal infiltration given maxillary
Into labial/buccal sulcus - alveolar mucosa which is flexible
Aim for the apex of the tooth
Result pulpal anasthesia - dental branches
Labial/buccal anaesthesia - gingival branches
How is maxillary palatal infiltration given
Into palatal mucoperiosteum
Pain as increase in pressure
Where are mandibular appropriate
Infiltration a only appropriate for anterior region
Why is posterior infiltration of man idle not good
Bone too dense for la to reach posterior teeth apices
What block techniques are used to overcome post mand issue
Block Inf alveolar nerve Lingual Long buccal Mental and incisive
What are the borders of the infratemporal/pterygomandibular fossa
Lateral - ramus Medial - medial ptery muscle Post - parotid with facial nerve Anterior - Buccinator Superior - lateral ptery
What are the landmarks for inferior alveolar nevre block
Retromolar triangle
Pterygomandibular raphe
Coronoid notch of ramus
Opposing premolars
Explain mental/incisive nerve block
Deposit la beside mental foramen
Anaesthetise mental nerve - soft tissues - lip, labial mucosa and gingivae
Incisive nerve - anterior teeth
What is the dental innervation of 3-3 anterior teeth
Anterior superior alveolar nerve
What supplies the premolars and the mesio buccal root of the first molar
Middle superior alveolar nerve
What nerve supplies the molars
Posterior superior alveolar nerve
What is the innervation of the lower teeth
3-3 anterior - incisive nerve
The remianpder of the teeth inferior alveolar
Same nevre just undergoes name change
What is the nerve innervation of the hard palate
Anterior - incisive branch of nasopalatine nerve
Middle - greater palatine nerve
Posterior - lesser palatine nerve
What supplies the floor of the moth
Lingual nerve
What supplies the surround mucosa of tooth
Upper anterior - intra orbital nerve
Lower anterior - mental nerve
The rest - long buccal nerve
What areas are anaesthetised
Teeth Gingivae - labial, buccal, lingual, palatal Alveolar mucosa Labial mucosa Buccal mucosa Lingual mucosa Floor of mouth Hard palate
