Skin VIII Flashcards
define amastigote vs. promastigote
- amastigote = form lacking flagella
- promastigote = a flagellate stage bearing a single, free flagellum but no undulating membrane
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by ___
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by sandflies
Leishmania is a genus of ____
Leishmania is a genus of trypanosomes
the infective stage of Leishmania is the ____ stage
the infective stage of Leishmania is the promastigote stage
when diagnosing Leishmania, ___ are found in the blood samples
when diagnosing Leishmania, amastigotes are found in the blood samples
describe the clinical presentation of Leishmaniasis
- cutaneous leishmaniasis (most common) causes skin sores
- visceral leishmaniasis, which affects several internal organs (usually spleen, liver and bone marrow)
describe the diagnosis of leishmaniasis
diagnostic stage = amastigotes
-
macrophages contain the amastigotes
- 1-5 um long
- large nucleus
- small, rod-shaped kinetoplast
describe the classification tree of helminths
Loa loa affect the ____ and ____ layers of the skin
Loa loa affect the dermis and subcutaneous skin layers
the infective stage of Loa loa is the ____ stage
the infective stage of Loa loa is the L3 stage
Loiasis causes red itchy swellings, called ____ on the forearms, wrists, sometimes face, breasts or legs
Loiasis causes red itchy swellings, called Calabar swellings on the forearms, wrists, sometimes face, breasts or legs
in Loiasis, migration of an adult worm to ____ (___) is commonly seen
in Loiasis, migration of an adult worm to the eyes (subconjunctival) is commonly seen
dead worms in Loiasis can cause chronic ____ with the formation of ____ and fibrosis
dead worms in Loiasis can cause chronic abscesses with the formation of granulomatous reactions and fibrosis
____ are the diagnostic stage of Loiasis
microfilariae are the diagnostic stage of Loiasis
diagnosis of Loiasis is identification of adult worms from ___ or worm removal from ____
diagnosis of Loiasis is identification of adult worms from tissue samples or worm removal from the eye
describe antigen immunoassay use for Loiasis
- limited value because of cross-reactivity between filaria and other helminths
- positive serological test does not distinguish between past and current infection
a positive serological test for Loiasis does not ____
a positive serological test for Loiasis does not distinguish between past and current infections
the organism causing Onchocerciasis is ____
the organism causing Onchocerciasis is Onchocerca volvulus
the vector for Onchocerciasis is the ____
the vector for Onchocerciasis is the blackfly
Onchocerciasis is also called the ____
Onchocerciasis is also called the blinding filaria
Onchocerciasis infections involve the ___ and ___ where adults gather ____
Onchocerciasis infections involve the dermis and subcutaneous tissues where adults gather within nodules
the ___ are the infective stage
the ___ are the diagnostic stage
the L3 larvae are the infective stage
the microfilariae arethe diagnostic stage
in the mild form of onchocerciasis, there is localized ____ with ___
in the mild form of onchocerciasis, there is localized maculopapular rash with itching
Onchocerciasis may heal with ____
Onchocerciasis may heal with hyperpigmentation
in a long-standing infection of onchocerciasis, there is destruction of ____ which makes the skin look ____
in a long-standing infection of onchocerciasis, there is destruction of elastic fibers in the skin which makes the skin look thin and wrinkled
onchocerciasis causes severe ____, more so than Loiasis
onchocerciasis causes severe sigh impairment, more so than Loiasis
____ (a bacterium) is essential for the fertility of the worm in Onchocerciasis
Wolbachia pipentis (a bacterium) is essential for the fertility of the worm in Onchocerciasis
when the worms die, ____ is released, triggering a host response that causes ____ and can _____
when the worms die, Wolbachia pipentis is released, triggering a host response that causes intense itching and can destroy nearby tissues
which organism causes the condition seen in the images?
Onchocerca volvulus
in Onchocerciasis, skin snips are immersed in normal saline and after 24 hours, ___ can be seen swimming free
in Onchocerciasis, skin snips are immersed in normal saline and after 24 hours, microfilariae can be seen swimming free
Mansonellosis is caused by _____
Mansonellosis is caused by Mansonella streptocerca
microfilariae in Mansonellosis have a distinctive ____ shape to the tail
microfilariae in Mansonellosis have a distinctive walking stick shape to the tail
Mansonellosis causes chronic ____ often with ____
Mansonellosis causes chronic papular lesions often with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation
which organism is seen in the image?
Trichinosis is caused by ____ which is a ____ (classification)
Trichinosis is caused by Trichienlla spiralis which is a nematode
Trichinosis is characterized by ____ stage in the muscles
Trichinosis is characterized by encysted larval stage in the muscles
Trichinosis is caused by eating ____, most commonly ____ and also ____
Trichinosis is caused by eating undercooked meat, most commonly pigs and also bears
Trichinosis begins with ____ infection causing ____
Trichinosis begins with intestinal infection causing diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting
after the intestinal infection in Trichinosis, there is ___ migration into ____ tissues causing ____
after the intestinal infection in Trichinosis, there is larval migration into muscle tissues causing periorbital and facial edema, conjunctivitis, fever, myalgias, splinter hemorrhages, rashes and blood eosinophilia
Trichinosis can occasionally be life-threatening, causing ____
Trichinosis can occasionally be life-threatening, causing:
myocarditis, CNS involvement, pneumonitis
what is seen in the image?
Larvae of Trichinella spiralis in nurse cells within striated muscle
what is seen in the image?
Larvae of Trichinella, freed from their cysts
cutaneous larva migrans is most commonly caused by ____
cutaneous larva migrans is most commonly caused by Ancylostoma braziliense
the clinical presentation of cutaneous larva migrans is ___ which appears 1-5 days after skin penetration (larva stage)
the clinical presentation of cutaneous larva migrans is creeping eruption which appears 1-5 days after skin penetration (larva stage)
cutaneous larva migrans is characterized by a ___, ____ track in the skin associated with intense ___ and mild ____
cutaneous larva migrans is characterized by a serpiginous, erythematous track in the skin associated with intense itchiness and mild swelling
diagnosis of cutaneous larva migrans is based on ___ and ___ is not recommended
diagnosis of cutaneous larva migrans is based on characteristic skin lesions and biopsy is not recommended
what condition is seen in the image?
what condition is seen in the image?
what condition is seen in the image?
cutaneous larva migrans is acquired when the ___ penetrate unprotected skin
cutaneous larva migrans is acquired when the filariform larva penetrate unprotected skin
