Blood and Lymphatic System I Flashcards
Yersinia pestis are (G-ve/G+ve) bacilli
Yersinia pestis are G-ve bacilli
Yersinia pestis have a ____ appearance due to ____
what stain clearly shows this?
Yersinia pestis have a “safety pin” appearance due to polar bodies
stain = Giemsa, Methylene blue stain
list other medically important Yersinia (2)
- Y. enterocolitica
- Y. pseudotuberculosis
- both are zoonotic
- ingestion of contaminated food or water
describe the route of acquisition of Yersinia and how it defines clinical presentation
plague cases in USA are restricted to _____
plague cases in USA are restricted to rural Western USA
describe the pathogenesis of the bubonic form
describe the clinical presentation of the bubonic plague
if infected with bubonic plague, the draining lymph nodes rapidly become tender and enlarged, called ____
explain where in the body is most common
if infected with bubonic plague, the draining lymph nodes rapidly become tender and enlarged, called “buboes”
most common = femoral and inguinal
tender and firm with surrounding edema and elevation
if bubonic plague disseminated to lungs: may result in ______
if bubonic plague disseminated to lungs: may result in secondary pneumonic form
describe primary pneumonic plague vs. secondary pneumonic
- primary pneumonic:
- direct inhalation from humans with primary pneumonic or from animals with respiratory infxn
- secondary pneumonic:
- hematogenous spread of Y. pestis from bubo or other foci
- cough with sputum
describe septicemic plague
- sudden high fever
- can develop from bubonic or primary of secondary pneumonic forms
- found mostly in older individuals
- rapidly progressive:
- DIC
- emboli
- gangrene of extremities: “black death”
- multiorgan failure
describe diagnosis of bubonic plague
- needle aspiration of bubo
- stain and culture on blood agar, chocolate agar or MacConkey’s agar
- serology for titers against F1 antigen
- PCR
describe diagnosis of the pneumonic plague
- chest x-ray; rapidly progressing pneumonia
- elevated WBC with immature neutrophils
list the 4 diseases associated with Bartonella sp.
- cat scratch disease/fever
- Carrion’s disease
- Bacilliary angiomatosis
- Trench fever
Bartonella sp. are intracellular in ____ and ____ cells
Bartonella sp. are intracellular in RBCs and endothelial cells
list characteristic of Bartonella sp.
- G-ve
- microaerophilic
- slow-growing
- motile
- physiologically unremarkable; standard biochemical tests are unhelpful
describe Bartonella henselae
- Cat-scratch disease
- benign, self-limited
- erythematous pustule develops within 3-10 days at site of bite or scratch
-
regional lymphadenopathy that may last for months
- can be suppurative and drain
- accompanying fever, malaise, headache, anorexia
- primary reservoir is domestic cats, particularly kittens
- mainly occurs in children
describe the Sketchy
describe the 2 stages of Bartonella bacilliformis
Carrion’s disease
- 2 stages:
- oroya fever: fever and anemia followed by:
- verruga peruana (weeks to months)
* multiple nodular hemangiomas skin lesions
* bacteria invade capillary endothelium → bacteria-filled vacuoles and localized cellular proliferation
- verruga peruana (weeks to months)
Bartonella bacilliformis (Carrion’s disease) is geographically restricted to:
Bartonella bacilliformis (Carrion’s disease) is geographically restricted to the mountains of American Andes e.g. Peru
Bartonella bacilliformis (Carrion’s disease) is vector-borne and is carried by ____
Bartonella bacilliformis (Carrion’s disease) is vector-borne and is carried by sandflies (dusk and evening feeders)
describe baciliiary angiomatosis and name the 2 species that can cause this
- primarily immunocompromised, particulary AIDS
- red “cranberry-like” papules; enlarge and ulcerate
- can occur in all organs
- single or multiple
- can also be due to Bartonella quintana
- caused by:
- B. henselae
- B. quintana
describe Bartonella quintana
Trench fever
- fever, headache with retroorbital pain, restlessness and severe back and shin pain
- periodic, recurring illness every 5-6 days; up to 8 times
- corresponds with release of B. quintana in blood
- primarily associated with culture-negative endocarditis and bacteremia in homeless in USA
- spread by lice
describe the pathogenesis of B. bacilliformis
- colonization of entire circulatory system and infxn of erythrocytes
-
severe hematocrit reduction (>80%) → acute hemolytic anemia
- 40-80% mortality in absence of antimicrobials
name the important virulence factors (for all forms of Bartonellosis)
- Deformin: extracellular factor used for entry
- flagella
- BadA: adhesin
describe the diagnosis of the Bartonella infections
describe the biology of Filoviridae
- order: mononegavirales
- ebolavirus
- longer than most viruses
- negative sense, ssRNA
describe the infectious travel of ebola
describe the pathogenesis of Filoviridae
describe the clinical presentation of ebola
- incubation period of up to 20 days
- initial, non-specific viral-infection
- fever, headache, muscle aches
- abdominal pain, nausea, cough, chest pain
- vomiting and diarrhea
- within few days:
- petechiae
- ecchymoses
- bleeding (puncture sites and mucous membranes)
- around day 5: maculopapular rash: mostly trunk
describe the basic of CDC algorithm for patients under investigation for EBOV diseases
describe diagnostic testing for EBOV
describe lymphangitis and etiologic agents
- red, warm and tender streaks to develop at peripheral lesion on extremity and spread to regional lymph nodes
- systemic symptoms: fever, chills, headache
- lymph nodes become enlarged and tender
- etiologic agents:
- group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci
- S. aureus
- Pasteurella multocida (dog and cat bites)
